{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412935320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","title":"Regional variations in the trend of iron supplementation during pregnancy and its multi-level predictors in Pakistan","display_name":"Regional variations in the trend of iron supplementation during pregnancy and its multi-level predictors in Pakistan","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412935320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40759735","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12321979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-14616-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-14616-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029780922","display_name":"Ruhma Binte Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-3947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-3947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruhma Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055632424","display_name":"Rubeena Zakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-3742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-3742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubeena Zakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102678583","display_name":"Hamda Shahzad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800331022","display_name":"Shalamar Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01s776p02","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamda Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Shalamar Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Shalamar Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093960373","display_name":"Nazoora Manal Zakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5896-6644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5896-6644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261637","display_name":"Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyfde14","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261637"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazoora Manal Zakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101368579","display_name":"Fiza Tariq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295768896","display_name":"World Food Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2vh28","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295768896"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiza Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Food Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Food Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295768896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102551923","display_name":"Razan Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","display_name":"Ziauddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vz8ns51","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033220025","display_name":"Florian Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-1245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-1245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. florian.fischer1@charite.de","Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. florian.fischer1@charite.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033220025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.6705,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91277716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"28452","last_page":"28452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.5781000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.5781000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10452","display_name":"Iron Metabolism and Disorders","score":0.24770000576972961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14495","display_name":"Public Health and Nutrition","score":0.1265999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-supplementation-during-pregnancy","display_name":"iron supplementation during pregnancy","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-deficiency-anemia","display_name":"iron deficiency anemia","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenatal-care-utilization","display_name":"antenatal care utilization","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-health","display_name":"maternal health","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lady-health-workers","display_name":"Lady Health Workers","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-anemia-prevention","display_name":"maternal anemia prevention","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-and-neonatal-outcomes","display_name":"maternal and neonatal outcomes","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-during-pregnancy","display_name":"smoking during pregnancy","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-education","display_name":"maternal education","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.8045425415039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7100977301597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779245376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28693","display_name":"Miscarriage","level":3,"score":0.6570830345153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778248108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5445","display_name":"Anemia","level":2,"score":0.6273242235183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5716537833213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.508115291595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776732101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954674","display_name":"Iron-deficiency anemia","level":3,"score":0.46800318360328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779083892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692979","display_name":"Low birth weight","level":3,"score":0.4513973593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.44821423292160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3866836130619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3223109841346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10678908228874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08882814645767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007501","descriptor_name":"Iron","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010154","descriptor_name":"Pakistan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011295","descriptor_name":"Prenatal Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018798","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Iron-Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018798","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Iron-Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-14616-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4406163/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4406163/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4406163/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:40759735","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40759735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12321979","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12321979/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65ccde46372c4f7393863156f2bf6207","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65ccde46372c4f7393863156f2bf6207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14616-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-14616-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321526","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412935320.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412935320.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155311401","https://openalex.org/W575105079","https://openalex.org/W1533793344","https://openalex.org/W2118027264","https://openalex.org/W2127762320","https://openalex.org/W2128148872","https://openalex.org/W2132605499","https://openalex.org/W2159161312","https://openalex.org/W2164460923","https://openalex.org/W2340749571","https://openalex.org/W2403198051","https://openalex.org/W2611287707","https://openalex.org/W2734851043","https://openalex.org/W2752297337","https://openalex.org/W2758132205","https://openalex.org/W2765767907","https://openalex.org/W2766526779","https://openalex.org/W2766612951","https://openalex.org/W2771021983","https://openalex.org/W2790920515","https://openalex.org/W2881249329","https://openalex.org/W2886132509","https://openalex.org/W2914580436","https://openalex.org/W2936381426","https://openalex.org/W2963282543","https://openalex.org/W2969037431","https://openalex.org/W2981534233","https://openalex.org/W3010653102","https://openalex.org/W3036005199","https://openalex.org/W3042235917","https://openalex.org/W3123992309","https://openalex.org/W3136097516","https://openalex.org/W3140443256","https://openalex.org/W3155379620","https://openalex.org/W3158770902","https://openalex.org/W3176321406","https://openalex.org/W3192775467","https://openalex.org/W3214793333","https://openalex.org/W4214835578","https://openalex.org/W4223656802","https://openalex.org/W4229030948","https://openalex.org/W4246727355","https://openalex.org/W4288721958","https://openalex.org/W4317936531","https://openalex.org/W4318217945","https://openalex.org/W4380995821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399135892","https://openalex.org/W3158770902","https://openalex.org/W4285237633","https://openalex.org/W3192775467","https://openalex.org/W2575942798","https://openalex.org/W3169516955","https://openalex.org/W7138178817","https://openalex.org/W4231376620","https://openalex.org/W7163508600","https://openalex.org/W2161207076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Iron":[0],"supplementation":[1,47,68,129,158,180,207,230,307,360,384],"during":[2,130,161,181],"pregnancy":[3,182],"is":[4,15,341],"a":[5,37,202,227],"key":[6],"intervention":[7],"preventing":[8],"and":[9,20,31,43,51,72,93,136,174,220,252,254,279,286,317,362,378],"treating":[10],"iron":[11,46,67,109,128,157,179,191,206,266,337],"deficiency":[12],"anemia,":[13,26],"which":[14],"associated":[16,261],"with":[17,212,262,298],"adverse":[18],"maternal":[19,25,364],"neonatal":[21],"outcomes,":[22,366],"including":[23],"severe":[24],"miscarriage,":[27],"hemorrhage,":[28],"preterm":[29],"birth,":[30],"low":[32],"birth":[33],"weight.":[34],"Despite":[35],"this,":[36],"comprehensive":[38],"understanding":[39],"of":[40,45,89,108,116,125,127,144,156,178,190,215,232,250,265,306,329],"the":[41,63,90,102,106,123,141,154,165,188,295,303,333,339,353],"trends":[42,65],"predictors":[44,155,189],"across":[48],"different":[49],"regions":[50],"provinces":[52],"in":[53,66,172,176,205,217,222,242,274,308,332,372],"Pakistan":[54,91],"remains":[55],"limited.":[56],"This":[57,76],"study":[58,81,153,334],"aims":[59],"to":[60,98,100,122,152,226,345,358,382],"assess":[61],"both":[62,309],"temporal":[64],"among":[69,159,208],"pregnant":[70,209,330],"women":[71,115,160,210,331],"its":[73],"multi-level":[74],"determinants.":[75],"research":[77],"utilizes":[78],"repeated":[79],"cross-sectional":[80],"design":[82],"using":[83],"secondary":[84],"data":[85,142],"from":[86,140],"four":[87],"waves":[88],"Demographic":[92],"Health":[94],"Survey":[95],"(PDHS;":[96],"2006-07":[97],"2019)":[99],"analyze":[101],"regional":[103,213,350],"variations":[104],"on":[105],"trend":[107],"supplementation.":[110],"Participants":[111],"included":[112],"ever":[113],"married":[114],"reproductive":[117],"age":[118],"who":[119],"have":[120],"responded":[121],"question":[124],"\"uptake":[126],"last":[131],"pregnancy\".":[132],"Various":[133],"individual,":[134],"community":[135],"institutional":[137],"level":[138],"factors":[139,151,297],"set":[143],"PDHS":[145],"2019":[146],"were":[147,183,197,260,294],"used":[148],"as":[149,236,281,283,302,368],"independent":[150],"pregnancy.":[162],"For":[163],"studying":[164],"trends,":[166],"rate":[167,169,231,340],"differences,":[168],"ratios,":[170],"changes":[171],"percentages":[173,177],"differences":[175],"calculated,":[184],"while":[185],"for":[186,355],"analyzing":[187],"supplementation,":[192],"binary":[193],"logistic":[194],"regression":[195],"models":[196,319],"used.":[198],"There":[199],"has":[200],"been":[201],"44.1%":[203],"increase":[204,359],"nationwide,":[211],"increases":[214],"61.7%":[216],"rural":[218,239],"areas":[219],"19.9%":[221],"urban":[223],"areas,":[224],"leading":[225],"current":[228],"national":[229],"65.4%.":[233],"Factors":[234],"such":[235,367],"older":[237],"age,":[238],"residency,":[240],"living":[241],"Sindh":[243],"or":[244,258],"Baluchistan,":[245],"smoking":[246],"history,":[247],"higher":[248,271],"number":[249],"pregnancies":[251],"losses,":[253],"more":[255],"children":[256],"born":[257],"deceased":[259],"lower":[263,343],"odds":[264],"supplementation(p":[267],"<":[268],"0.005).":[269],"Conversely,":[270],"education,":[272],"residency":[273],"Gilgit":[275],"Baltistan,":[276],"Azad":[277],"Jammu":[278],"Kashmi,":[280],"well":[282],"Khyber":[284],"Pakhtunkhwa,":[285],"lady":[287],"health":[288,365],"worker's":[289],"advice":[290],"regarding":[291],"antenatal":[292,299],"care":[293,300],"significant":[296],"utilization":[301],"strongest":[304],"predictor":[305],"unadjusted":[310],"(OR":[311],"=":[312,321],"30.07;":[313],"95%":[314,323],"CI:":[315,324],"23.55-38.40)":[316],"adjusted":[318],"(AOR":[320],"31.29;":[322],"14.37-68.11).":[325],"Although":[326],"over":[327],"half":[328],"population":[335],"take":[336],"supplements,":[338],"still":[342],"compared":[344],"many":[346],"other":[347],"countries.":[348],"Significant":[349],"disparities":[351],"suggest":[352],"need":[354],"targeted":[356],"efforts":[357],"rates":[361],"improve":[363,383],"increasing":[369],"healthcare":[370],"access":[371],"underperforming":[373],"regions,":[374],"expanding":[375],"educational":[376],"campaigns,":[377],"strengthening":[379],"community-based":[380],"programs":[381],"adherence.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
