{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412901409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Fomites in Emergency Units of Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Abuja Municipal Area, Nigeria","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Fomites in Emergency Units of Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Abuja Municipal Area, Nigeria","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412901409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216677","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"2457-0745","issn":["2457-0745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079690798","display_name":"S. T. Yakubu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yakubu, S","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059993719","display_name":"Yakubu Boyi Ngwai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngwai, Y.B","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022668955","display_name":"I. H. Nkene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-8698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-8698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nkene, I. H","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106023078","display_name":"Abdulmumin R. I","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmumin, R. I","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology), Phoenix University, Agawda, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology), Phoenix University, Agawda, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112484021","display_name":"David Ishaleku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishaleku, D","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093705218","display_name":"Isaac Nyiayem Igbawua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igbawua, I. N","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070700642","display_name":"J Danjuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danjuma, J","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117423210","display_name":"G. A Imokhe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imokhe, G. A","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119185510","display_name":"F. O Bolarinwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolarinwa, F. O","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040493339","display_name":"S. C Tama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-4545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-4545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tama, S. C","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117423209","display_name":"D. I Agondo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agondo, D.I","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117423208","display_name":"N. B Okpalaeke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okpalaeke, N.B","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21600092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"222","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.8345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.8345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.1590999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department","display_name":"emergency department","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-spectrum-antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"extended-spectrum antibiotic resistance","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-contamination","display_name":"environmental contamination","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-susceptibility","display_name":"antibiotic susceptibility","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-stewardship","display_name":"antimicrobial stewardship","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abuja","display_name":"Abuja","score":0.4950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.8152499198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.5460132360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4575762450695038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.4495304524898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595158","display_name":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","level":4,"score":0.43014854192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.352430522441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3403415083885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15743327140808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.14561983942985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0993262529373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216677","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"2457-0745","issn":["2457-0745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalajrimps.com:article/332","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalajrimps.com/index.php/AJRIMPS/article/view/332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216677","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"2457-0745","issn":["2457-0745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2457-0745","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05193110v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05193110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 14 (3), pp.222-230","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2025/v14i3332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216677","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","issn_l":"2457-0745","issn":["2457-0745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331760418","https://openalex.org/W276237299","https://openalex.org/W4243501567","https://openalex.org/W4281790352","https://openalex.org/W2358368915","https://openalex.org/W4321232597","https://openalex.org/W2964912953","https://openalex.org/W2532901088","https://openalex.org/W1989107371","https://openalex.org/W1995533152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aims:":[0],"This":[1,202],"study":[2],"investigated":[3],"Antimicrobial":[4],"resistance":[5,126,131,208],"of":[6,15,32,35,49,101,124,181,215,235,241,265],"Staphylococcus":[7,102,236],"aureus":[8,103,148,237],"isolated":[9],"from":[10,55],"fomites":[11,246],"in":[12,19,150,188,195,218,244,268],"emergency":[13],"units":[14],"selected":[16],"tertiary":[17],"hospitals":[18],"Abuja":[20,74,81,88],"Municipal":[21],"Area,":[22],"Nigeria.":[23],"Study":[24],"Design:":[25],"Cross":[26],"sectional":[27],"study.":[28],"Place":[29],"and":[30,43,67,84,128,140,160,173,238,257],"Duration":[31],"Study:":[33],"Department":[34],"Microbiology,":[36],"Nasarawa":[37],"State":[38],"University,":[39],"between":[40],"December":[41],"2024":[42],"April":[44],"2025.":[45],"Methodology:":[46],"A":[47],"total":[48],"350":[50],"environmental":[51],"samples":[52],"were":[53,92],"collected":[54],"various":[56],"fomites,":[57],"including":[58],"door":[59],"handles,":[60,62],"tap":[61,116],"nursing":[63,108],"stations,":[64],"sinks,":[65],"beds,":[66],"mattresses":[68],"across":[69],"three":[70],"hospitals:":[71],"National":[72,85],"Hospital":[73],"(150":[75,89],"samples),":[76,83],"Federal":[77],"Medical":[78],"Centre,":[79,87],"Jabi,":[80],"(50":[82],"Trauma":[86],"samples).":[90],"Isolates":[91],"identified":[93],"using":[94,152],"standard":[95],"microbiological":[96],"techniques.":[97],"Results:":[98],"The":[99,107,122,179,232],"occurrence":[100,113],"was":[104,136],"50":[105],"(14.3%).":[106],"station":[109],"had":[110,118],"the":[111,119,134,164,176,204,213,263],"highest":[112,165,177],"(23.7%),":[114],"while":[115,167],"handles":[117],"lowest":[120],"(6.5%).":[121],"prevalence":[123,149,234],"multi-drug":[125],"(MDR)":[127],"extensive":[129],"drug":[130],"(XDR)":[132],"among":[133],"isolates":[135],"recorded":[137],"at":[138],"70%":[139],"12%,":[141],"respectively.":[142],"Disinfectant":[143],"analysis":[144],"indicated":[145],"higher":[146],"S.":[147],"facilities":[151],"sodium":[153],"hypochlorite.":[154],"Antibiotic":[155],"susceptibility":[156],"testing":[157],"showed":[158],"ofloxacin":[159],"ciprofloxacin":[161],"to":[162,199,211,226,261],"have":[163],"sensitivity,":[166],"ampicillin,":[168],"chloramphenicol,":[169],"trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,":[170],"clindamycin,":[171],"erythromycin,":[172],"penicillin":[174],"exhibited":[175],"resistance.":[178],"presence":[180],"such":[182],"resistant":[183,216,266],"strains":[184,217,243],"is":[185],"alarming,":[186],"particularly":[187],"hospital":[189,219,245],"environments":[190],"where":[191],"inadequate":[192],"hygiene":[193],"practices\u2014especially":[194],"developing":[196],"countries\u2014may":[197],"contribute":[198],"their":[200],"spread.":[201],"emphasizes":[203],"need":[205],"for":[206,250],"antimicrobial":[207,255],"(AMR)":[209],"surveillance":[210,260],"track":[212],"evolution":[214],"settings.":[220,270],"Potential":[221],"intervention":[222],"strategies":[223],"are":[224],"crucial":[225],"combat":[227],"this":[228],"rising":[229],"threat.":[230],"Conclusion:":[231],"high":[233],"alarming":[239],"rates":[240],"multidrug-resistant":[242],"highlights":[247],"urgent":[248],"needs":[249],"improved":[251],"infection":[252],"control":[253],"measures,":[254],"stewardship,":[256],"regular":[258],"AMR":[259],"mitigate":[262],"spread":[264],"pathogens":[267],"healthcare":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}