{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412901393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","title":"Association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and blood urea nitrogen levels in pediatric populations: evidence from the NHANES (2009\u20132018)","display_name":"Association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and blood urea nitrogen levels in pediatric populations: evidence from the NHANES (2009\u20132018)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412901393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40800192","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12336924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/tp-2025-193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863491","display_name":"Translational Pediatrics","issn_l":"2224-4336","issn":["2224-4336","2224-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingzhi Wen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingzhi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089103714","display_name":"Xuanyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4455-4271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4455-4271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51185872","display_name":"Jining Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn9gq54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119185507","display_name":"Jingjin Chenwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51185872","display_name":"Jining Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn9gq54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjin Chenwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031974615","display_name":"Liyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-7527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-7527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51185872","display_name":"Jining Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn9gq54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102347932","display_name":"Ziteng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4180-3940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4180-3940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51185872","display_name":"Jining Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zn9gq54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziteng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51185872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088642867","display_name":"Changqing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-9237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-9237"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Juan Bai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045262728","display_name":"Wenjuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-7258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-7258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113011","display_name":"Weifang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd2tj29","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045262728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113011"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51965674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1593","last_page":"1601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-to-lymphocyte-ratio","display_name":"platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-urea-nitrogen","display_name":"blood urea nitrogen","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-renal-function","display_name":"pediatric renal function","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-relationship","display_name":"nonlinear relationship","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.8360000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8893061876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89560881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101026","display_name":"Platelet","level":2,"score":0.4985384941101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777761686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715347","display_name":"Lymphocyte","level":2,"score":0.4622625410556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43972596526145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3450787663459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21037/tp-2025-193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863491","display_name":"Translational Pediatrics","issn_l":"2224-4336","issn":["2224-4336","2224-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12336924","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12336924/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12336924/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transl Pediatr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40800192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40800192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/tp-2025-193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-2025-193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863491","display_name":"Translational Pediatrics","issn_l":"2224-4336","issn":["2224-4336","2224-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412901393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412901393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883119161","https://openalex.org/W1994132411","https://openalex.org/W2018489219","https://openalex.org/W2044511149","https://openalex.org/W2118835139","https://openalex.org/W2159880222","https://openalex.org/W2300196648","https://openalex.org/W2418601562","https://openalex.org/W2789999765","https://openalex.org/W2803793260","https://openalex.org/W2921262689","https://openalex.org/W2927031657","https://openalex.org/W2983468551","https://openalex.org/W3016438674","https://openalex.org/W3038556289","https://openalex.org/W3042738611","https://openalex.org/W3147901035","https://openalex.org/W3176005729","https://openalex.org/W3195696467","https://openalex.org/W3199373511","https://openalex.org/W3200131281","https://openalex.org/W4214948077","https://openalex.org/W4313544614","https://openalex.org/W4318219010","https://openalex.org/W4384525721","https://openalex.org/W4385984675","https://openalex.org/W4390872286","https://openalex.org/W4391573174","https://openalex.org/W4392742636","https://openalex.org/W4393986577","https://openalex.org/W4396969565","https://openalex.org/W4399508980","https://openalex.org/W4402150378","https://openalex.org/W4408740962","https://openalex.org/W4408951192","https://openalex.org/W4410709326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399508980","https://openalex.org/W3030708104","https://openalex.org/W4410879814","https://openalex.org/W3214828053","https://openalex.org/W3034625470","https://openalex.org/W2414039532","https://openalex.org/W4404542930","https://openalex.org/W2763415952","https://openalex.org/W4401659222","https://openalex.org/W4388009954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Blood":[1],"urea":[2],"nitrogen":[3],"(BUN)":[4],"reflects":[5],"renal":[6,62,226],"function":[7],"and":[8,46,53,71,86,102,131,163,208],"protein":[9],"metabolism,":[10],"while":[11],"the":[12,66,78,82,155,197],"platelet-to-lymphocyte":[13],"ratio":[14],"(PLR)":[15],"is":[16,29],"a":[17,57,90,145,173,203,220],"common":[18],"inflammatory":[19],"marker.":[20],"Though":[21],"studied":[22],"in":[23,38,89,135,188,211],"adults,":[24,72],"their":[25],"relationship":[26],"with":[27,114,178],"children":[28,39,70],"unclear.":[30],"This":[31,93,200],"study":[32,74,95,201],"aims":[33],"to":[34,80,234],"explore":[35,81],"this":[36,73,136,158],"association":[37,83,159,177],"aged":[40],"12-18":[41,122],"years":[42],"using":[43],"National":[44],"Health":[45],"Nutrition":[47],"Examination":[48],"Survey":[49],"(NHANES)":[50],"2009-2018":[51],"data":[52,76,98,116],"evaluate":[54],"PLR":[55,85,130,183,195,207,215],"as":[56,219],"potential":[58,221],"non-invasive":[59,222],"marker":[60,223],"for":[61,144,224],"function.":[63,227],"Methods:":[64],"Given":[65],"physiological":[67],"differences":[68],"between":[69,84,100,129,206],"utilized":[75],"from":[77],"NHANES":[79,97],"BUN":[87,132,189,209],"levels":[88,190,210],"pediatric":[91],"population.":[92],"cross-sectional":[94],"used":[96,218],"collected":[99],"2009":[101],"2018.":[103],"A":[104,125],"total":[105],"of":[106,148,157,184],"2,086":[107],"participants":[108],"were":[109],"included":[110],"after":[111,142],"excluding":[112],"individuals":[113],"missing":[115],"or":[117],"an":[118,179],"age":[119],"range":[120,147],"beyond":[121],"years.":[123],"Results:":[124],"significant":[126,174],"negative":[127,176,204],"correlation":[128,205],"was":[133],"found":[134],"study,":[137],"which":[138],"remained":[139],"consistent":[140],"even":[141],"adjusting":[143],"wide":[146],"variables":[149],"(P<0.001).":[150],"Subgroup":[151],"analyses":[152],"further":[153],"confirmed":[154],"robustness":[156],"across":[160],"sex,":[161],"race,":[162],"body":[164],"mass":[165],"index":[166],"categories.":[167],"Restricted":[168],"cubic":[169],"spline":[170],"analysis":[171],"revealed":[172],"non-linear":[175],"inflection":[180],"point":[181],"at":[182],"118.45.":[185],"The":[186],"decline":[187],"became":[191],"more":[192],"pronounced":[193],"when":[194],"exceeded":[196],"threshold.":[198],"Conclusions:":[199],"demonstrated":[202],"children,":[212],"suggesting":[213],"that":[214],"could":[216],"be":[217],"assessing":[225],"More":[228],"large-scale":[229],"prospective":[230],"studies":[231],"are":[232],"needed":[233],"substantiate":[235],"our":[236],"findings.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}