{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412848552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","title":"Data-Driven Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in Joinkrama, Rivers State, Nigeria Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Analytics","display_name":"Data-Driven Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in Joinkrama, Rivers State, Nigeria Using Pollution Indices and Multivariate Analytics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412848552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306515858","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118289978","display_name":"Okes Imoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3548-2889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3548-2889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5728261","display_name":"University of Sunderland","ror":"https://ror.org/04p55hr04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Okes Imoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, University of Sunderland, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, University of Sunderland, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032397266","display_name":"Jonathan Lisa Erebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4208-5953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4208-5953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147765412","display_name":"Niger Delta University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pwcr767","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erebi Lisa Jonathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147765412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118289978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73286319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"628","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-contaminated-soil","display_name":"heavy metal-contaminated soil","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-index","display_name":"pollution index","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoaccumulation-index","display_name":"geoaccumulation index","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-ecological-risk-index","display_name":"potential ecological risk index","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-load-index","display_name":"pollution load index","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination-factor","display_name":"contamination factor","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-flaring","display_name":"gas flaring","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niger-delta","display_name":"Niger Delta","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.679643988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.6580785512924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.6432433128356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5878314971923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5136953592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4781166911125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4383738040924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.435047447681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.25169315934181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.22705751657485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.13023310899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10621905326843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09359017014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09115004539489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07296651601791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05860656499862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jmsrr/2025/v8i3429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306515858","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05196742v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05196742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews, 2025, 8 (3), pp.628-643","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7159107455","https://openalex.org/W4291737443","https://openalex.org/W7127570171","https://openalex.org/W4416937113","https://openalex.org/W4388289604","https://openalex.org/W7217776008","https://openalex.org/W4406935452","https://openalex.org/W7202216275","https://openalex.org/W7217454213","https://openalex.org/W7219932670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,226],"study":[1],"leverages":[2],"data":[3,209],"science":[4,210],"methodologies":[5],"to":[6],"quantitatively":[7],"assess":[8],"soil":[9,26,235],"contamination":[10,121,152],"in":[11,115,158,243],"Joinkrama,":[12],"Ahoada":[13],"West":[14],"LGA,":[15],"Rivers":[16],"State,":[17],"Nigeria.":[18],"Employing":[19],"a":[20,42,229],"structured":[21],"geospatial":[22],"and":[23,41,59,69,80,108,117,141,171,186,202,223,238],"statistical":[24],"pipeline,":[25],"samples":[27],"were":[28,62,147,192],"collected":[29],"across":[30],"stratified":[31],"depths":[32],"(0.5\u20131":[33],"meter)":[34],"from":[35],"three":[36],"sites":[37],"(S1,":[38],"S2,":[39],"S3)":[40],"control":[43],"point":[44],"(C1).":[45],"Heavy":[46],"metal":[47],"concentrations":[48,96],"Cadmium":[49],"(Cd),":[50],"Lead":[51],"(Pb),":[52],"Nickel":[53],"(Ni),":[54],"Chromium":[55],"(Cr),":[56],"Copper":[57],"(Cu),":[58],"Zinc":[60],"(Zn)":[61],"measured":[63],"using":[64,83,183],"Atomic":[65],"Absorption":[66],"Spectroscopy":[67],"(AAS)":[68],"Inductively":[70],"Coupled":[71],"Plasma":[72],"Mass":[73],"Spectrometry":[74],"(ICP-MS).":[75],"Data":[76,87],"preprocessing":[77],"included":[78],"normalization":[79],"outlier":[81],"detection":[82],"IQR":[84],"thresholds.":[85],"Exploratory":[86],"Analysis":[88,166,181],"(EDA)":[89],"revealed":[90],"spatial":[91,239],"variability":[92],"with":[93,154,195],"elevated":[94],"mean":[95],"of":[97,131,207,215,241,246],"Cd":[98],"(0.03":[99],"\u00b1":[100,105,111],"0.01":[101],"mg/kg),":[102,107,113],"Pb":[103],"(0.10":[104],"0.04":[106],"Zn":[109,172],"(0.16":[110],"0.07":[112],"notably":[114],"S1":[116],"S3.":[118],"To":[119],"quantify":[120],"levels,":[122],"pollution":[123,217],"indices":[124],"such":[125],"as":[126,173],"Contamination":[127,132],"Factor":[128],"(CF),":[129],"Degree":[130],"(Cdeg),":[133],"Pollution":[134],"Load":[135],"Index":[136,139,145],"(PLI),":[137],"Geo-accumulation":[138],"(Igeo),":[140],"Potential":[142],"Ecological":[143],"Risk":[144],"(PERI)":[146],"computed":[148],"programmatically,":[149],"revealing":[150],"high":[151],"clusters":[153],"PERI":[155],">":[156],"150":[157],"hotspot":[159],"zones.":[160],"Dimensionality":[161],"reduction":[162],"via":[163],"Principal":[164],"Component":[165],"(PCA)":[167],"identified":[168],"Cd,":[169],"Pb,":[170],"key":[174],"anthropogenic":[175],"signatures,":[176],"corroborated":[177],"by":[178],"Hierarchical":[179],"Cluster":[180],"(HCA)":[182],"Ward\u2019s":[184],"method":[185],"Euclidean":[187],"distance":[188],"metrics.":[189],"These":[190],"contaminants":[191],"spatially":[193],"correlated":[194],"known":[196],"industrial":[197],"activities,":[198],"including":[199],"gas":[200],"flaring":[201],"agrochemical":[203],"deposition.":[204],"The":[205],"integration":[206],"environmental":[208,220],"techniques":[211],"underscores":[212],"the":[213,247],"utility":[214],"computational":[216],"modeling":[218],"for":[219,234],"risk":[221],"profiling":[222],"decision":[224],"support.":[225],"work":[227],"presents":[228],"replicable,":[230],"scalable":[231],"analytical":[232],"framework":[233],"quality":[236],"surveillance":[237],"prioritization":[240],"remediation":[242],"oil-impacted":[244],"regions":[245],"Niger":[248],"Delta.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
