{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412686205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of blueM gel and calcium hydroxide against F. nucleatum and E. faecalis biofilm: an ex-vivo study","display_name":"Antimicrobial efficacy of blueM gel and calcium hydroxide against F. nucleatum and E. faecalis biofilm: an ex-vivo study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412686205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40720043","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12304370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89869488","display_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","issn_l":"1013-9052","issn":["1013-9052","2524-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021763715","display_name":"Yahya Raja Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-7951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-7951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Raja Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-7951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014161584","display_name":"Swati Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-9452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-9452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swati Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-9452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002639393","display_name":"Hanin Alsalhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8429-9879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8429-9879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanin Alsalhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. han.alsalhi@qu.edu.sa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8429-9879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. han.alsalhi@qu.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079636994","display_name":"Khawlah Almohimeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1923-7106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1923-7106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khawlah Almohimeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1923-7106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110928890","display_name":"Mohammad Alduraibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8122-747X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8122-747X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alduraibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8122-747X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119088193","display_name":"Ahmed Nabil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4749-614X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4749-614X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Nabil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4749-614X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002639393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":3.5465,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90883103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"7-9","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10536","display_name":"Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10536","display_name":"Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12744","display_name":"Medical Device Sterilization and Disinfection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-hydroxide","display_name":"calcium hydroxide","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusobacterium-nucleatum","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus-faecalis","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm","display_name":"biofilm","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-efficacy","display_name":"antimicrobial efficacy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracanal-medicaments","display_name":"intracanal medicaments","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endodontic-treatment-failure","display_name":"endodontic treatment failure","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-canal-disinfection","display_name":"root canal disinfection","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.8909168839454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779563543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182849","display_name":"Calcium hydroxide","level":2,"score":0.711519181728363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.6085935831069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.5896886587142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5771174430847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.4752078950405121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779895986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140014","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","level":4,"score":0.4611828923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4502224624156952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777349128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510311","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","level":4,"score":0.41925501823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3075517416000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.2305062711238861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.2142743468284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2125389575958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.209532231092453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.13526946306228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.1195601224899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.059246569871902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780183776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3214147","display_name":"Porphyromonas gingivalis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89869488","display_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","issn_l":"1013-9052","issn":["1013-9052","2524-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40720043","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40720043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Saudi dental journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12304370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12304370/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Dent J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c343ff7ee6d24c46ac2497aab2e2a5ec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c343ff7ee6d24c46ac2497aab2e2a5ec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Dental Journal, Vol 37, Iss 7-9, Pp 1-7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44445-025-00042-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89869488","display_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","issn_l":"1013-9052","issn":["1013-9052","2524-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Saudi Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319094","display_name":"Saveetha Dental College","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412686205.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412686205.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W3011441686","https://openalex.org/W3087040000","https://openalex.org/W3126278094","https://openalex.org/W3173676622","https://openalex.org/W4283212206","https://openalex.org/W4378516728","https://openalex.org/W4386470818","https://openalex.org/W4388593544","https://openalex.org/W4389069971","https://openalex.org/W4396695780","https://openalex.org/W4400034884","https://openalex.org/W4400792516","https://openalex.org/W4402501462","https://openalex.org/W4402641966","https://openalex.org/W4403839121","https://openalex.org/W4405584818","https://openalex.org/W4408521729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086030923","https://openalex.org/W7212007204","https://openalex.org/W7127547258","https://openalex.org/W4307446996","https://openalex.org/W7203697981","https://openalex.org/W2960987613","https://openalex.org/W2894923770","https://openalex.org/W7217542520","https://openalex.org/W3212198269","https://openalex.org/W2158111801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Endodontic":[0],"treatment":[1],"failure":[2],"can":[3],"result":[4],"from":[5,98],"persistent":[6],"bacteria,":[7],"inadequate":[8],"cleaning":[9],"and":[10,15,26,73,80,86,104,112,143,169],"sealing":[11],"of":[12,20,38,78],"root":[13,31,61],"canals,":[14],"missed":[16],"canals.":[17],"The":[18],"resilience":[19],"bacteria":[21],"such":[22,165],"as":[23,166],"F.":[24,84,102,141,167],"nucleatum":[25,85,103,142,168],"E.":[27,87,105,144,170],"faecalis":[28,88,106,145,171],"within":[29],"the":[30,75,154],"canal":[32],"system":[33],"is":[34],"a":[35,45],"significant":[36],"cause":[37],"failed":[39],"endodontic":[40,163],"treatment.":[41],"Calcium":[42],"hydroxide":[43],"(CaOH),":[44],"widely":[46],"utilized":[47],"intracanal":[48],"medicament,":[49],"has":[50],"demonstrated":[51,132],"antimicrobial":[52,76,135,151,160],"properties.":[53],"However,":[54],"its":[55],"ability":[56],"to":[57,71,173],"consistently":[58],"achieve":[59],"culture-negative":[60],"canals":[62],"after":[63],"chemo-mechanical":[64],"procedures":[65],"remains":[66],"inconsistent.":[67],"This":[68],"study":[69],"aimed":[70],"evaluate":[72],"compare":[74],"efficacy":[77,122,136],"CaOH":[79,117,138],"BlueM":[81,119,130,156],"gel":[82,131,157],"against":[83,139,153,162],"biofilms":[89],"using":[90],"dentin":[91,94],"discs.":[92],"Sterilized":[93],"discs":[95,111],"were":[96,107],"prepared":[97],"extracted":[99],"human":[100],"teeth.":[101],"grown":[108],"on":[109],"these":[110],"then":[113],"treated":[114],"with":[115],"either":[116],"or":[118],"gel.":[120],"Antimicrobial":[121],"was":[123],"assessed":[124],"by":[125],"quantifying":[126],"colony-forming":[127],"unit":[128],"counts.":[129],"significantly":[133],"greater":[134],"than":[137],"both":[140],"biofilms.":[146,155],"Both":[147],"agents":[148],"exhibited":[149],"substantial":[150],"activity":[152],"showed":[158],"superior":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"pathogens":[164],"compared":[172],"CaOH.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
