{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412640602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","title":"The Phenomenon of Hate Speech and Disinformation on Social Media: A Criminal Law Approach in Tackling Digital Crime","display_name":"The Phenomenon of Hate Speech and Disinformation on Social Media: A Criminal Law Approach in Tackling Digital Crime","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412640602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62872/zvhmcy17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","pdf_url":"https://ejournal-nawalaedu.com/index.php/JOSI/article/download/1452/2085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664320","display_name":"Journal Of Strafvordering Indonesian","issn_l":"3046-8620","issn":["3046-8620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ejournal-nawalaedu.com/index.php/JOSI/article/download/1452/2085","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037890112","display_name":"Nur Rois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-2288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-2288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165823","display_name":"Universitas Baturaja","ror":"https://ror.org/05qby2688","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165823"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Ro'is","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Baturaja"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Baturaja","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047873986","display_name":"Arianti A Ogotan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086301","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai","ror":"https://ror.org/001gw2c60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086301"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arianti A Ogotan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065012497","display_name":"Rica Regina Novianty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570497","display_name":"Universitas Hang Tuah Pekanbaru","ror":"https://ror.org/036dgtc48","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570497"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rica Regina Novianty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Hang Tuah Pekanbaru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Hang Tuah Pekanbaru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4396570497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91552402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech","display_name":"hate speech","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"cybercrime","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"criminal law","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radicalization","display_name":"radicalization","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-chambers","display_name":"echo chambers","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy","display_name":"digital literacy","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-reform","display_name":"legal reform","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.8735652565956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.7757543325424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992380910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459409","display_name":"Hate crime","level":2,"score":0.6003409624099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5781509280204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5767968893051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.49408820271492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47440314292907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602884","display_name":"Social phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4675663113594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4386715292930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38315457105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12901312112808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.071573406457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06771746277809143}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62872/zvhmcy17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","pdf_url":"https://ejournal-nawalaedu.com/index.php/JOSI/article/download/1452/2085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664320","display_name":"Journal Of Strafvordering Indonesian","issn_l":"3046-8620","issn":["3046-8620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62872/zvhmcy17","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62872/zvhmcy17","pdf_url":"https://ejournal-nawalaedu.com/index.php/JOSI/article/download/1452/2085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404664320","display_name":"Journal Of Strafvordering Indonesian","issn_l":"3046-8620","issn":["3046-8620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412640602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412640602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131903154","https://openalex.org/W4365449323","https://openalex.org/W4408494125","https://openalex.org/W7172147648","https://openalex.org/W4313438808","https://openalex.org/W7216492486","https://openalex.org/W4411651049","https://openalex.org/W7163147800","https://openalex.org/W4387471745","https://openalex.org/W7134957087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,28,31,66,70,78,95,117,123,135,149,158,192],"information":[4],"technology,":[5],"especially":[6,48],"social":[7,43,81,174],"media,":[8],"has":[9,129],"changed":[10],"the":[11,26,29,64,76,124,130,147,155,159,189],"way":[12],"people":[13],"interact":[14],"and":[15,34,45,68,80,99,120,137,152,161,173,181,195],"access":[16],"information.":[17],"However,":[18],"this":[19],"openness":[20],"creates":[21],"a":[22,84,178],"digital":[23,110,156,183],"paradox":[24],"in":[25,49,108],"form":[27],"spread":[30],"hate":[32,150,193],"speech":[33,151,194],"disinformation":[35],"that":[36,54,62,145,169],"is":[37],"difficult":[38],"to":[39,89,132],"control,":[40],"potentially":[41],"triggering":[42],"conflicts":[44],"political":[46],"polarization,":[47],"Indonesia.":[50],"Social":[51],"media":[52],"algorithms":[53],"amplify":[55],"provocative":[56],"content":[57],"create":[58,177],"an":[59,105],"echo":[60],"chamber":[61],"magnifies":[63],"risk":[65],"radicalization":[67],"manipulation":[69],"SARA's":[71],"identity.":[72],"This":[73],"phenomenon":[74],"threatens":[75],"quality":[77],"democracy":[79],"cohesion,":[82],"requiring":[83],"firm":[85],"but":[86,112],"proportionate":[87],"response":[88],"criminal":[90],"law.":[91],"Law":[92],"Number":[93],"19":[94],"2016":[96],"concerning":[97],"Information":[98],"Electronic":[100],"Transactions":[101],"(ITE":[102],"Law)":[103],"plays":[104],"important":[106],"role":[107],"handling":[109],"crime,":[111],"its":[113],"implementation":[114],"faces":[115],"obstacles":[116],"multi-interpretation":[118],"norms":[119],"limited":[121],"capacity":[122],"apparatus.":[125],"Repressive":[126],"law":[127],"enforcement":[128],"potential":[131],"curb":[133],"freedom":[134],"expression":[136],"cause":[138],"injustice.":[139],"Therefore,":[140],"legal":[141],"reforms":[142],"are":[143],"needed":[144],"clarify":[146],"definition":[148],"disinformation,":[153],"improve":[154],"literacy":[157],"apparatus,":[160],"have":[162],"independent":[163],"oversight":[164],"mechanisms.":[165],"A":[166],"comprehensive":[167],"approach":[168],"combines":[170],"legal,":[171],"technological,":[172],"aspects":[175],"can":[176],"healthy,":[179],"democratic,":[180],"inclusive":[182],"space,":[184],"while":[185],"protecting":[186],"society":[187],"from":[188],"negative":[190],"impacts":[191],"disinformation.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
