{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412573304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","title":"The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses","display_name":"The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412573304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40805975","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12348594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu17152388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/15/2388/pdf?version=1753179336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/15/2388/pdf?version=1753179336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002591009","display_name":"Mousa Khalafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-1281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-1281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105818395","display_name":"University of Kashan","ror":"https://ror.org/015zmr509","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105818395"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mousa Khalafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-1281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105818395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027933997","display_name":"Aref Habibi Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-0734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-0734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aref Habibi Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-0734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056099162","display_name":"Shima Mojtahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shima Mojtahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092179292","display_name":"Mahsa Ehsanifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-6193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-6193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahsa Ehsanifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047521532","display_name":"Sara K. Rosenkranz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-1640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-1640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara K. Rosenkranz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-1640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040978436","display_name":"Michael Edward Symonds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-8963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-8963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Symonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-8963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119044174","display_name":"Mohammad Sadegh Tarashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sadegh Tarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092946968","display_name":"Saeid Fatolahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8183-4986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8183-4986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Fatolahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 111-14115, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8183-4986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 111-14115, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017102102","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Luz Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-0792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-0792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Luz Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-0792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002591009","https://openalex.org/A5017102102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105818395","https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":1.793,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85606773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"15","first_page":"2388","last_page":"2388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermittent-fasting","display_name":"intermittent fasting","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-markers","display_name":"inflammatory markers","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-restricted-feeding","display_name":"time-restricted feeding","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-2-diet","display_name":"5:2 diet","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptin","display_name":"leptin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiponectin","display_name":"adiponectin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-therapy","display_name":"dietary therapy","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776782570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357439","display_name":"Adiponectin","level":4,"score":0.8731701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6947797536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6938537359237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780613262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223739","display_name":"Leptin","level":3,"score":0.6896400451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5956988334655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5901007056236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11988809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412889","display_name":"Interleukin 6","level":3,"score":0.5094550251960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.47751063108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422766","display_name":"C-reactive protein","level":3,"score":0.41786989569664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4040568172931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.36775022745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.32086247205734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.2544858157634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.11268708109855652}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000093763","descriptor_name":"Intermittent Fasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002097","descriptor_name":"C-Reactive Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005215","descriptor_name":"Fasting","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020738","descriptor_name":"Leptin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052242","descriptor_name":"Adiponectin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu17152388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/15/2388/pdf?version=1753179336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12348594","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12348594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40805975","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40805975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu17152388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/15/2388/pdf?version=1753179336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412573304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412573304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537972189","https://openalex.org/W1570547161","https://openalex.org/W1598602811","https://openalex.org/W1975979383","https://openalex.org/W1978590803","https://openalex.org/W1993846598","https://openalex.org/W2022801078","https://openalex.org/W2023128145","https://openalex.org/W2055844905","https://openalex.org/W2064902601","https://openalex.org/W2065201220","https://openalex.org/W2081738005","https://openalex.org/W2088940658","https://openalex.org/W2109694442","https://openalex.org/W2110463517","https://openalex.org/W2112515812","https://openalex.org/W2130495917","https://openalex.org/W2130766522","https://openalex.org/W2143812909","https://openalex.org/W2151715700","https://openalex.org/W2162846451","https://openalex.org/W2166449272","https://openalex.org/W2170892587","https://openalex.org/W2175474731","https://openalex.org/W2180006680","https://openalex.org/W2440558121","https://openalex.org/W2484881635","https://openalex.org/W2527551486","https://openalex.org/W2530424415","https://openalex.org/W2542468576","https://openalex.org/W2563743072","https://openalex.org/W2620406790","https://openalex.org/W2620991346","https://openalex.org/W2792059755","https://openalex.org/W2799787925","https://openalex.org/W2886669554","https://openalex.org/W2890416444","https://openalex.org/W2906847139","https://openalex.org/W2921933461","https://openalex.org/W2964075095","https://openalex.org/W2987043898","https://openalex.org/W2992431051","https://openalex.org/W2998467274","https://openalex.org/W3016327580","https://openalex.org/W3043503484","https://openalex.org/W3045655399","https://openalex.org/W3048576962","https://openalex.org/W3094575470","https://openalex.org/W3111436189","https://openalex.org/W3118391367","https://openalex.org/W3123997087","https://openalex.org/W3134454558","https://openalex.org/W3134938531","https://openalex.org/W3151078758","https://openalex.org/W3161404038","https://openalex.org/W3164303160","https://openalex.org/W3184698953","https://openalex.org/W3207443835","https://openalex.org/W4200155910","https://openalex.org/W4205371308","https://openalex.org/W4210270745","https://openalex.org/W4213080378","https://openalex.org/W4213105658","https://openalex.org/W4287921606","https://openalex.org/W4289861346","https://openalex.org/W4295346146","https://openalex.org/W4300980060","https://openalex.org/W4301185368","https://openalex.org/W4312243406","https://openalex.org/W4353086093","https://openalex.org/W4366216761","https://openalex.org/W4387491927","https://openalex.org/W4387640115","https://openalex.org/W4387824546","https://openalex.org/W4388794344","https://openalex.org/W4391228297","https://openalex.org/W4392353613","https://openalex.org/W4400224691","https://openalex.org/W4400305946","https://openalex.org/W4402577070","https://openalex.org/W4404118640","https://openalex.org/W4404259970","https://openalex.org/W4406085984","https://openalex.org/W6816214466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366216761","https://openalex.org/W4415000755","https://openalex.org/W3048576962","https://openalex.org/W7201860922","https://openalex.org/W4404524411","https://openalex.org/W4402577070","https://openalex.org/W4400096916","https://openalex.org/W2070156581","https://openalex.org/W7138992737","https://openalex.org/W4416031735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Intermittent":[1],"fasting":[2],"(IF)":[3],"can":[4],"improve":[5],"inflammatory":[6,40,82,214],"status,":[7],"but":[8,146],"its":[9],"effects":[10,33,107,187,217],"may":[11,205],"be":[12,206],"dependent":[13],"on":[14,39,81,188],"the":[15,32,155,162,173,186,221,227,234,248],"mode":[16,80,222],"of":[17,34,37,55,115,223,251],"fasting.":[18],"Objectives:":[19],"We":[20],"performed":[21],"a":[22],"systematic":[23],"review":[24],"with":[25,123,216],"pairwise":[26],"and":[27,53,70,74,95,139,183,190],"network":[28],"meta-analyses":[29],"to":[30,59,245],"investigate":[31],"different":[35],"modes":[36],"IF":[38,79,125,156,204],"markers":[41],"in":[42,165,179],"adults.":[43],"Methods:":[44],"Three":[45],"database":[46],"searches":[47,63],"were":[48,97,103,120,192,236],"conducted,":[49],"including":[50,84],"PubMed,":[51],"Scopus,":[52],"Web":[54],"Science,":[56],"from":[57],"inception":[58],"June":[60],"2024.":[61],"The":[62,196],"used":[64],"two":[65],"keyword":[66],"groups:":[67],"\u201cintermittent":[68],"fasting\u201d":[69],"\u201cinflammatory":[71],"markers\u201d.":[72],"Randomized":[73],"non-randomized":[75],"trials":[76,242],"investigating":[77],"any":[78],"markers,":[83,215,232],"interleukin":[85],"(IL)-6,":[86],"tumor":[87],"necrosis":[88],"factor":[89],"(TNF)\u03b1,":[90],"C-reactive":[91],"protein":[92],"(CRP),":[93],"leptin,":[94,182],"adiponectin,":[96],"included.":[98,121],"Standardized":[99],"mean":[100],"differences":[101],"(SMDs)":[102],"calculated":[104],"using":[105],"random":[106],"models":[108],"for":[109,177,201,211],"both":[110],"analyses.":[111],"Results:":[112],"A":[113],"total":[114],"21":[116],"studies":[117],"(839":[118],"participants)":[119],"Compared":[122],"controls,":[124],"reduced":[126],"TNF-\u03b1":[127,166],"[SMD:":[128,134,141],"\u22120.31,":[129],"p":[130,136,143,168],"=":[131,137,144,169],"0.009],":[132],"CRP":[133],"\u22120.19,":[135],"0.04],":[138],"leptin":[140],"\u22120.57,":[142],"0.005]":[145],"did":[147],"not":[148,193,237],"significantly":[149],"affect":[150],"IL-6":[151,189],"or":[152],"adiponectin.":[153],"Among":[154],"modes,":[157],"time-restricted":[158],"feeding":[159],"(TRF)":[160],"showed":[161],"largest":[163],"reduction":[164],"[\u22120.39,":[167],"0.001].":[170],"TRF":[171,225],"had":[172,226],"highest":[174,200,228],"probability":[175],"ranking":[176],"changes":[178],"IL-6,":[180],"TNF-\u03b1,":[181],"adiponectin;":[184],"however,":[185],"adiponectin":[191],"statistically":[194],"significant.":[195,239],"5:2":[197],"diet":[198],"ranked":[199],"CRP.":[202],"Conclusions:":[203],"an":[207],"effective":[208],"dietary":[209],"therapy":[210],"improving":[212],"some":[213],"potentially":[218],"influenced":[219],"by":[220],"IF.":[224,252],"rankings":[229],"across":[230],"multiple":[231],"though":[233],"findings":[235],"uniformly":[238],"Additional":[240],"longer-term":[241],"are":[243],"needed":[244],"fully":[246],"elucidate":[247],"anti-inflammatory":[249],"potential":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
