{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412496485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","title":"Ready for the Next Revolution? 4D Printing Is Changing Everything","display_name":"Ready for the Next Revolution? 4D Printing Is Changing Everything","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412496485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.63654/icms.2025.02092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","pdf_url":"https://insuf.org/journal/icms/article/view/30/32","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047194","display_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","issn_l":"3049-0146","issn":["3049-0146","3049-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://insuf.org/journal/icms/article/view/30/32","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036112887","display_name":"Susanta Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-3198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-3198","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5567-2903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susanta Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-3198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036112887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10200023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"92","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4d-printing","display_name":"4D printing","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing-materials","display_name":"3D printing materials","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradable-plastics","display_name":"biodegradable plastics","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-materials","display_name":"smart materials","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customized-manufacturing","display_name":"customized production","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-manufacturing","display_name":"sustainable manufacturing","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-economy","display_name":"circular economy","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing-in-healthcare","display_name":"3D printing in healthcare","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.32358551025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3102899491786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1278751790523529}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.63654/icms.2025.02092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","pdf_url":"https://insuf.org/journal/icms/article/view/30/32","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047194","display_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","issn_l":"3049-0146","issn":["3049-0146","3049-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ef4638ba5e24ca7bdb95d98f23ab9db","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ef4638ba5e24ca7bdb95d98f23ab9db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability, Vol 2, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.63654/icms.2025.02092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.63654/icms.2025.02092","pdf_url":"https://insuf.org/journal/icms/article/view/30/32","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047194","display_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","issn_l":"3049-0146","issn":["3049-0146","3049-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovation of Chemistry & Materials for Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412496485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412496485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280652955","https://openalex.org/W2954638906","https://openalex.org/W2988789574","https://openalex.org/W2601594414","https://openalex.org/W3081224497","https://openalex.org/W4220921803","https://openalex.org/W2990623066","https://openalex.org/W2885350770","https://openalex.org/W4306157620","https://openalex.org/W4288018221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,53,161,297,305,356,437,489,520,529,608,614,617,649,653,709,744,757,764,768],"past":[2],"four":[3],"decades,":[4],"3D":[5,72,114,146,165,195,219,235,300,360,425,492,532,559,618,646,665,692],"printing-":[6],"also":[7,133,155,628,725],"called":[8],"additive":[9],"manufacturing-has":[10],"evolved":[11],"from":[12,35,82,111,172,304,364,443],"a":[13,21,56,66,239,245,479,565,570,578],"tool":[14,68],"mainly":[15],"used":[16,439,633],"for":[17,69,244,340],"making":[18,505],"prototypes":[19],"into":[20,65,263,473],"powerful":[22,67],"technology":[23,39,198,302,362,758],"transforming":[24],"industries":[25,98],"worldwide.":[26],"It":[27,576],"works":[28],"by":[29,33,78,119,635,641,670,685,689],"constructing":[30,79],"objects":[31,117,382,687,702,728],"layer":[32,34,118,688],"digital":[36],"designs.":[37],"This":[38,126,272],"has":[40,63,237,648,667,763],"redefined":[41],"how":[42,168],"we":[43,723],"design,":[44],"produce,":[45],"and":[46,86,104,132,139,188,211,215,225,252,268,284,291,311,345,349,358,370,375,390,402,446,475,502,511,556,583,594,640,659,673,771,777,800],"think":[47],"about":[48],"products.":[49],"What":[50],"began":[51],"in":[52,182,398,415,500,586],"1980s":[54],"as":[55,192,691],"way":[57,572],"to":[58,135,175,221,254,274,324,377,449,477,568,573,604,630,651,711,734,742,766],"quickly":[59],"test":[60],"product":[61,76,745,769],"ideas":[62,262],"matured":[64],"innovation.":[70],"Modern":[71],"printing":[73,115,147,166,197,220,301,361,426,493,517,533,560,619,647,666,679,739,780],"is":[74,93,124,148,167,386,459,494,561,622,759,791],"revolutionizing":[75],"manufacturing":[77,454,669,686,770],"delicate":[80],"parts":[81],"metals,":[83],"plastics,":[84,316],"ceramics,":[85],"even":[87,535],"with":[88,204,352,383,496,525,695],"biological":[89],"components.":[90],"Its":[91],"versatility":[92],"paving":[94],"unique":[95,227],"possibilities":[96,243],"across":[97,598,754],"including":[99],"healthcare,":[100,183],"aerospace,":[101],"construction,":[102],"education,":[103],"fashion.":[105],"Instead":[106],"of":[107,160,164,232,241,248,299,307,422,436,491,522,607,616,655,677,698,785],"molding":[108],"or":[109,330,718,729],"carving":[110],"bulk":[112],"materials,":[113],"produces":[116],"layer,":[120],"utilizing":[121],"only":[122,150],"what":[123],"required.":[125],"ensures":[127],"less":[128],"waste,":[129,593,749],"more":[130,137,509,562],"precision":[131],"enables":[134],"produce":[136,226,536],"complex,":[138],"customized":[140],"designs":[141],"at":[142],"reduced":[143,205],"cost.":[144],"Thus,":[145,737],"not":[149,432,792],"driving":[151],"greater":[152],"efficiency":[153],"but":[154,694],"promoting":[156],"sustainable":[157,480,660],"manufacturing.":[158,179,587],"One":[159],"transformative":[162],"aspects":[163],"it":[169,484,600,621,762],"facilitates":[170],"shifting":[171],"mass":[173],"production":[174,278],"small":[176,255],"scale":[177,256],"custom":[178],"For":[180],"example,":[181],"one":[184],"can":[185,258,485,680,703,724],"create":[186,726],"prosthetics":[187],"surgical":[189],"models,":[190],"tailored":[191],"per":[193],"requirement.":[194],"construction":[196],"are":[199,217,313,336,407,412,441,447,504,508],"building":[200],"affordable":[201,233],"houses":[202],"faster":[203],"materials":[206,321,372,730],"waste.":[207],"In":[208,528],"fashion,":[209],"cuisine":[210],"art,":[212],"designers,":[213],"chefs":[214],"artists":[216],"leveraging":[218],"break":[222],"creative":[223,242],"bounderies,":[224],"personalized":[228],"masterpieces.":[229],"The":[230,675,789],"emergence":[231],"desktop":[234],"printers":[236,369,506],"unlocked":[238],"universe":[240],"wider":[246],"class":[247],"people.":[249],"From":[250,418],"student":[251],"hobbyists":[253],"entrepreneurs":[257],"now":[259],"transform":[260],"their":[261,705],"functional":[264,350],"products,":[265],"fuelling":[266],"innovation":[267,474,683],"benefitting":[269],"local":[270,590],"communities.":[271],"shift":[273],"localized":[275],"cost":[276],"effective":[277],"helps":[279],"reducing":[280,546],"transportation":[281],"related":[282],"emission":[283],"aids":[285],"circular":[286],"economy":[287],"practices":[288],"via":[289,541],"recycling":[290],"reuse.":[292],"A":[293],"major":[294],"boost":[295],"behind":[296],"growth":[298],"arises":[303],"development":[306],"new":[308,338,571],"materials.":[309],"Researchers":[310],"scientists":[312],"developing":[314],"biodegradable":[315],"recyclable":[317],"composites,":[318],"responsive":[319],"smart":[320],"that":[322,488,507,624,731],"react":[323],"external":[325,712],"conditions":[326],"like":[327,400,515],"heat,":[328,715],"pressure":[329],"electrical":[331],"signals.":[332],"These":[333,700],"novel":[334,701],"innovations":[335,597],"opening":[337],"avenues":[339],"lightweight":[341],"aircraft":[342],"components,":[343],"durable":[344],"robust":[346],"medical":[347],"devices,":[348],"items":[351],"in-built":[353],"sensors.":[354],"Despite":[355],"potential":[357,650,765],"promises,":[359],"suffers":[363],"some":[365,606],"notable":[366],"hurdles.":[367],"Industrial-grade":[368],"relevant":[371],"remained":[373],"costly":[374],"unaffordable":[376],"many.":[378],"Printing":[379],"larger":[380],"size":[381],"intricate":[384],"detail":[385],"widely":[387,438],"time":[388],"consuming":[389],"mainting":[391],"consistent":[392],"quality":[393,644],"still":[394,413],"remain":[395],"challenging.":[396],"Additionally,":[397,451],"sectors":[399],"medicare":[401],"aerospace":[403],"where":[404],"safety":[405],"standards":[406],"critical,":[408],"existing":[409],"regulatory":[410],"framework":[411],"lacking":[414],"many":[416],"aspects.":[417],"an":[419,656],"environmental":[420,638],"point":[421],"view,":[423],"while":[424],"reduces":[427],"waste":[428],"during":[429],"production,":[430,591],"it\u2019s":[431],"completely":[433],"eco-friendly.":[434],"Some":[435],"thermoplastics":[440],"derived":[442],"fossil":[444],"fuels":[445],"difficult":[448],"recycle.":[450],"energy":[452],"intensive":[453],"process":[455],"e.g.,":[456,714],"laser":[457],"sintering":[458],"highly":[460],"power":[461],"demanding,":[462],"thus":[463],"adding":[464],"sustainability":[465,585],"burden.":[466],"Addressing":[467],"these":[468],"issues":[469],"requires":[470],"continuous":[471],"investment":[472],"commitment":[476],"develop":[478],"future.":[481,662],"Looking":[482],"ahead,":[483],"be":[486],"said":[487],"future":[490,790],"brimming":[495],"possibility.":[497],"Recent":[498],"advances":[499],"AI":[501],"automation":[503],"efficient":[510],"intelligent.":[512],"Emerging":[513],"technologies":[514],"multimaterial":[516],"will":[518,627,740],"enable":[519],"fabrication":[521],"complex":[523],"products":[524],"integrated":[526],"capabilities.":[527],"bio-fabrication":[530],"domain,":[531],"may":[534],"replacement":[537],"organs.":[538],"Local":[539],"manufacring":[540],"printer":[542],"networs":[543],"could":[544,781],"help":[545,741],"our":[547,786],"dependance":[548],"on":[549,708],"global":[550],"supply":[551],"chain,":[552],"therby":[553],"enforcing":[554],"resilience":[555],"sustainability.":[557],"Ultimately,":[558],"than":[563],"just":[564,793],"technological":[566],"advancement":[567],"provide":[569],"make":[574,743],"objects.":[575],"foster":[577],"movement":[579],"toward":[580],"creativity,":[581],"inclusivity":[582],"incorporate":[584],"By":[588,720],"supporting":[589],"minimizing":[592],"fueling":[595],"collaborating":[596],"industries,":[599],"holds":[601],"huge":[602],"promise":[603],"tackle":[605],"world\u2019s":[609],"most":[610],"pressing":[611],"challenges.":[612],"With":[613,774],"evolution":[615],"technology,":[620],"expected":[623],"its":[625,797],"impact":[626],"continue":[629],"grow.":[631],"If":[632],"responsibly,i.e,":[634],"priotizing":[636],"equity,":[637],"care":[639],"maintaining":[642],"rigorous":[643],"control,":[645],"become":[652,783],"foundation":[654],"adaptable,":[657],"resilient":[658],"industrial":[661],"At":[663],"present,":[664],"revolutionized":[668],"offering":[671],"speed":[672],"precision.":[674],"introduction":[676],"4D":[678,738,779],"take":[681],"this":[682,721],"further":[684,775],"layes":[690],"printing,":[693],"added":[696],"advantage":[697],"feature-time.":[699],"alter":[704],"shape":[706],"based":[707],"exposure":[710],"factors.,":[713],"water,":[716],"light,":[717],"pressure.":[719],"method":[722],"self-repairing":[727],"self":[732],"adjusts":[733],"surrounding":[735],"conditions.":[736],"long":[746],"lasting,":[747],"reduce":[748],"thereby":[750],"aiding":[751],"eco-friendly":[752],"design":[753],"industries.":[755],"Although":[756],"relatively":[760],"new,":[761],"change":[767],"utilization":[772],"landscape.":[773],"progress":[776],"improvement,":[778],"soon":[782],"part":[784],"daily":[787],"life.":[788],"being":[794],"shaped":[795],"\u2013":[796],"learning,":[798],"adapting,":[799],"ever-evolving.":[801]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}