{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412494987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","title":"The Mechanism and Treatment Methods of Glutathione Levels in Reducing Autism Spectrum Disorder","display_name":"The Mechanism and Treatment Methods of Glutathione Levels in Reducing Autism Spectrum Disorder","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412494987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","pdf_url":"https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/tns/article/view/25169/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283303","display_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","issn_l":"2753-8818","issn":["2753-8818","2753-8826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/tns/article/view/25169/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650077","display_name":"Xuyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0225","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2212-1428","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4104-365X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Shanghai Jin Qiu, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Shanghai Jin Qiu, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100650077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15721502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"126","issue":"1","first_page":"146","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11481","display_name":"Sulfur Compounds in Biology","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11772","display_name":"Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-therapy","display_name":"antioxidant therapy","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylcysteine","display_name":"N-acetylcysteine","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitotoxicity","display_name":"excitotoxicity","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetics","display_name":"epigenetics","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-behavior","display_name":"social behavior","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repetitive-behavior","display_name":"repetitive behavior","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-therapy","display_name":"biologic therapy","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7950119972229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.7282329797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.4768993854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4393378794193268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.3887213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.34326454997062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.27894508838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14138081669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.12315413355827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","pdf_url":"https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/tns/article/view/25169/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283303","display_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","issn_l":"2753-8818","issn":["2753-8818","2753-8826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au25169","pdf_url":"https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/tns/article/view/25169/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283303","display_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","issn_l":"2753-8818","issn":["2753-8818","2753-8826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412494987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412494987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979499161","https://openalex.org/W2021914815","https://openalex.org/W2032011914","https://openalex.org/W2101915514","https://openalex.org/W2164253073","https://openalex.org/W2792416746","https://openalex.org/W3046239548","https://openalex.org/W3123097904","https://openalex.org/W3174095481","https://openalex.org/W4388694481","https://openalex.org/W6638330810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602684","https://openalex.org/W4310092953","https://openalex.org/W2227393071","https://openalex.org/W4402326599","https://openalex.org/W1995350144","https://openalex.org/W2082102603","https://openalex.org/W2166141227","https://openalex.org/W3133980636","https://openalex.org/W4378085486","https://openalex.org/W4366602711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autism":[0],"spectrum":[1],"disorder":[2],"(ASD)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,182],"neurodevelopmental":[6],"condition":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9,128,132],"oxidative":[10,134],"stress":[11,135],"and":[12,35,59,62,68,79,99,102,111,116,137,149,165,188,202,216],"problems":[13],"in":[14,82,108,113,126,154,162,175],"the":[15,19,66],"antioxidant":[16,67,189],"system,":[17],"so":[18],"aim":[20],"of":[21,46,71,75],"this":[22],"study":[23],"was":[24,52,118,141],"to":[25,40,55,143,180,212],"figure":[26],"out":[27,54,179],"how":[28],"glutathione":[29],"(GSH)":[30],"could":[31],"lessen":[32],"ASD":[33,88,187],"symptoms":[34],"evaluate":[36],"treatment":[37,163],"methods":[38],"related":[39],"GSH,":[41,72],"thus":[42],"an":[43],"integrative":[44],"review":[45],"11":[47],"peer":[48],"-":[49,84,95,168,190,205],"reviewed":[50],"studies":[51],"carried":[53],"combine":[56],"mechanistic":[57],"understandings":[58],"therapeutic":[60,184],"proof,":[61],"central":[63],"mechanisms":[64],"included":[65],"neuroprotective":[69],"characteristics":[70],"its":[73,80],"regulation":[74],"neurotransmitters":[76],"like":[77],"glutamate,":[78],"part":[81],"gene":[83],"environment":[85],"interactions":[86],"influencing":[87],"vulnerability,":[89],"while":[90],"examined":[91],"interventions":[92,192],"covered":[93],"N":[94],"acetylcysteine":[96],"(NAC)":[97],"supplementation":[98],"new":[100],"biotherapies,":[101],"clinical":[103,219],"results":[104],"showed":[105],"slight":[106],"improvements":[107],"social":[109],"behavior":[110],"reductions":[112],"repetitive":[114],"behaviors,":[115],"it":[117],"found":[119],"that":[120],"GSH":[121,140,177],"levels":[122],"were":[123,210],"considerably":[124],"lower":[125],"people":[127],"ASD,":[129],"which":[130],"corresponded":[131],"higher":[133],"biomarkers":[136],"neuroinflammation,":[138],"additionally":[139],"proven":[142],"reduce":[144],"excitotoxicity,":[145],"boost":[146],"synaptic":[147],"plasticity,":[148],"control":[150],"epigenetic":[151],"pathways":[152],"involved":[153],"neurodevelopment,":[155],"however":[156],"despite":[157],"these":[158],"encouraging":[159],"outcomes,":[160],"differences":[161],"reactions":[164],"inadequate":[166],"long":[167],"term":[169],"safety":[170,217],"information":[171],"remained":[172],"major":[173],"drawbacks,":[174],"short,":[176],"turned":[178],"be":[181],"possible":[183],"target":[185],"for":[186,218],"based":[191],"might":[193],"enhance":[194],"traditional":[195],"treatments,":[196],"but":[197],"establishing":[198],"standardized":[199],"dosing":[200],"rules":[201],"conducting":[203],"large":[204],"scale":[206],"randomized":[207],"controlled":[208],"trials":[209],"crucial":[211],"confirm":[213],"their":[214],"effectiveness":[215],"use.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
