{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412463550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","title":"Genetic subtypes of type 2 diabetes are distinguished through the lens of abdominal MRI","display_name":"Genetic subtypes of type 2 diabetes are distinguished through the lens of abdominal MRI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412463550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40741412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597340651","display_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","issn_l":"1664-8021","issn":["1664-8021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049512061","display_name":"Elena P. Sorokin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-8869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-8869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261977","display_name":"Calico Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00mrxhs61","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena P. Sorokin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028365","display_name":"Madeleine Cule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-5643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-5643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261977","display_name":"Calico Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00mrxhs61","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine Cule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034052240","display_name":"Marjola Thanaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-7112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-7112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjola Thanaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005061365","display_name":"Nicolas Basty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-0913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-0913"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Basty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014958681","display_name":"Brandon J. Whitcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-2399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-2399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brandon Whitcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078498803","display_name":"Naveed A. Sattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-2593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-2593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Sattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067497811","display_name":"Elizabeth Louise Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-4694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-4694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Louise Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057380504","display_name":"Jimmy David Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-1281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-1281","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-6591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy D. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069936360","display_name":"Hanieh Yaghootkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-9477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-9477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanieh Yaghootkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Natural Science, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Natural Science, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049512061","https://openalex.org/A5069936360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261977","https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":5.9072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9714988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1605721","last_page":"1605721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.10270000249147415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-subtypes","display_name":"genetic subtypes","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-heterogeneity","display_name":"disease heterogeneity","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-mri","display_name":"abdominal MRI","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-derived-phenotypes","display_name":"imaging-derived phenotypes","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-deficiency","display_name":"insulin deficiency","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-fat-distribution","display_name":"body fat distribution","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-mass","display_name":"muscle mass","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-composition","display_name":"fatty acid composition","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visceral-fat","display_name":"visceral fat","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-adipose-tissue","display_name":"subcutaneous adipose tissue","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-volume","display_name":"liver volume","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreas-volume","display_name":"pancreas volume","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uk-biobank","display_name":"UK Biobank","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6354533433914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.6003503799438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171089720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193583","display_name":"Adipose tissue","level":2,"score":0.5283002853393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5174492001533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49973130226135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64618202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3733697","display_name":"Genetic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.42307716608047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.399747371673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.39261654019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3600299060344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.32672548294067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3245798647403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3181189000606537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2897750735282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.24784377217292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1646409034729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.12382715940475464}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597340651","display_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","issn_l":"1664-8021","issn":["1664-8021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40741412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40741412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12307213","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12307213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Genet","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54d7221c90d84df29e307cbc3f301443","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54d7221c90d84df29e307cbc3f301443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 16 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2025.1605721/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597340651","display_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","issn_l":"1664-8021","issn":["1664-8021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4754762639","display_name":"Enabling Precision Medicine in Obesity: Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Adiposity Subtypes and their Implications for Type 2 Diabetes & Complications","funder_award_id":"23/0006598","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320065","funder_display_name":"Diabetes UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320065","display_name":"Diabetes UK","ror":"https://ror.org/050rgn017"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412463550.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412463550.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017975097","https://openalex.org/W2022419155","https://openalex.org/W2051868844","https://openalex.org/W2097499820","https://openalex.org/W2100012264","https://openalex.org/W2156357574","https://openalex.org/W2158751030","https://openalex.org/W2162382402","https://openalex.org/W2345313795","https://openalex.org/W2598022332","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2897956494","https://openalex.org/W2995391363","https://openalex.org/W3032464132","https://openalex.org/W3035152464","https://openalex.org/W3147245769","https://openalex.org/W3160837927","https://openalex.org/W3170012751","https://openalex.org/W4210516353","https://openalex.org/W4280552086","https://openalex.org/W4283723045","https://openalex.org/W4319072487","https://openalex.org/W4376959645","https://openalex.org/W4391480901","https://openalex.org/W4391925503","https://openalex.org/W4392472036","https://openalex.org/W4393187007","https://openalex.org/W4400985928","https://openalex.org/W4406002229","https://openalex.org/W4409781827","https://openalex.org/W4413309157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143040158","https://openalex.org/W2401628417","https://openalex.org/W1618042422","https://openalex.org/W1990952279","https://openalex.org/W4245156471","https://openalex.org/W3153837127","https://openalex.org/W3097855967","https://openalex.org/W2143131037","https://openalex.org/W1969552685","https://openalex.org/W4311009748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"seeks":[3],"to":[4,41,168,178],"understand":[5],"type":[6],"2":[7],"diabetes":[8],"(T2D)":[9],"heterogeneity":[10],"through":[11],"detailed":[12],"phenotypic":[13],"characterization":[14],"of":[15,51,123,151,175,205],"various":[16],"T2D":[17,44,71,180],"genetic":[18,45,70,170,198],"subtypes":[19,46,72,115],"using":[20,206],"advanced":[21],"magnetic":[22],"resonance":[23],"imaging":[24],"(MRI)":[25],"techniques.":[26],"Study":[27],"design":[28],"and":[29,61,83,90,96,138,154,194],"method:":[30],"MRI":[31,177,207],"data":[32],"from":[33],"over":[34],"44,000":[35],"UK":[36],"Biobank":[37],"participants":[38],"was":[39],"used":[40],"characterize":[42],"distinct":[43],"based":[47],"on":[48],"a":[49,182],"compendium":[50],"imaging-derived":[52],"phenotypes":[53],"(IDPs)":[54],"quantifying":[55],"body":[56],"fat":[57,124],"distribution,":[58],"organ":[59],"volumes,":[60],"muscle":[62,87,152],"quality.":[63],"Partitioned":[64],"polygenic":[65],"risk":[66],"scores":[67],"(pPS)":[68],"representing":[69],"were":[73,106,116],"associated":[74,107,117],"with":[75,108,118,121],"adipose":[76],"tissue":[77],"distribution":[78],"across":[79],"ten":[80],"compartments,":[81],"liver":[82],"pancreas":[84],"volume,":[85],"three":[86],"mass":[88,153],"indices,":[89],"fatty":[91,155],"acid":[92,156],"composition":[93,157],"in":[94,126,146,164],"subcutaneous":[95,110],"visceral":[97],"fat.":[98],"Results:":[99],"Subtype":[100],"pPS":[101],"marked":[102],"by":[103],"insulin":[104,113],"deficiency":[105],"lower":[109],"fat,":[111],"while":[112],"resistance":[114],"higher":[119],"adiposity":[120],"evidence":[122],"excess":[125],"multiple":[127],"organs,":[128],"including":[129],"the":[130,190,203],"pancreas,":[131],"paraspinal":[132],"muscle,":[133,135,137],"thigh":[134],"iliopsoas":[136],"other":[139],"organs":[140],"not":[141],"routinely":[142],"quantified":[143],"at":[144,181],"scale":[145],"human":[147],"cohorts.":[148],"Distinct":[149],"patterns":[150],"further":[158],"differentiated":[159],"subtype":[160],"pPS,":[161],"underscoring":[162],"variation":[163],"metabolic":[165],"profiles":[166],"linked":[167],"specific":[169],"pathways.":[171],"Conclusion:":[172],"The":[173],"use":[174],"non-invasive":[176],"phenotype":[179],"granular":[183],"level":[184],"has":[185],"provided":[186],"unique":[187],"insights":[188,210],"into":[189,211],"disease's":[191],"heterogeneity,":[192],"confirming":[193],"expanding":[195],"upon":[196],"known":[197],"associations.":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"highlight":[202],"potential":[204],"for":[208],"pathophysiological":[209],"T2D.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}