{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412396160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","title":"Immunotherapy for ulcerative colitis: targeting innate and adaptive immune responses for better clinical outcomes","display_name":"Immunotherapy for ulcerative colitis: targeting innate and adaptive immune responses for better clinical outcomes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412396160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024876052","display_name":"Isha T. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4598-3917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4598-3917"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isha T. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113706481","display_name":"M. K. Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8262-9880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8262-9880"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manya D. Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108317009","display_name":"Namrata B. Parmar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0306-6119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0306-6119"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namrata B. Parmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037677901","display_name":"Priyajeet S. Parekh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6284-8771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6284-8771"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priyajeet S. Parekh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AV Pharma LLC, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AV Pharma LLC, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059101874","display_name":"Mayur R. Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7751-1357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7751-1357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93393672","display_name":"Western University of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05167c961","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93393672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayur R. Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University of Health Science, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University of Health Science, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93393672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001612180","display_name":"Palak A. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-0906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-0906"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palak A. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001367208","display_name":"Mehul R. Chorawala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-0986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-0986"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehul R. Chorawala","raw_affiliation_strings":["L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L. M. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001367208","https://openalex.org/A5037677901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7625002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcerative-colitis","display_name":"ulcerative colitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-immunity","display_name":"adaptive immunity","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cells","display_name":"dendritic cells","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cells","display_name":"T cells","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoclonal-antibodies","display_name":"monoclonal antibodies","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-molecule-therapy","display_name":"small molecule therapy","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-therapy","display_name":"cell therapy","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-therapy","display_name":"stem cell therapy","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-bowel-disease","display_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-inflammation","display_name":"intestinal inflammation","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8813174962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.7726677060127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.6214025020599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.6169198155403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.6073293685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5813434720039368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4952448904514313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47742525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13418826","display_name":"Innate lymphoid cell","level":4,"score":0.418832927942276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.33143138885498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32472479343414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.21018344163894653}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff7d7bbab7c64818bf4feb0eef3b6984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff7d7bbab7c64818bf4feb0eef3b6984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol 37, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-025-00461-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563886","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"1110-7782","issn":["1110-7782","2090-9098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994417814","https://openalex.org/W1534043095","https://openalex.org/W1584482160","https://openalex.org/W1604582052","https://openalex.org/W1967949491","https://openalex.org/W1970548725","https://openalex.org/W1973336682","https://openalex.org/W1978025330","https://openalex.org/W1987422659","https://openalex.org/W1989118653","https://openalex.org/W1991688187","https://openalex.org/W1995606588","https://openalex.org/W1997405434","https://openalex.org/W1999167858","https://openalex.org/W2001604539","https://openalex.org/W2010808721","https://openalex.org/W2015391963","https://openalex.org/W2018004579","https://openalex.org/W2019447967","https://openalex.org/W2020640954","https://openalex.org/W2026058763","https://openalex.org/W2030745929","https://openalex.org/W2041746341","https://openalex.org/W2042891564","https://openalex.org/W2056826548","https://openalex.org/W2061577022","https://openalex.org/W2078009629","https://openalex.org/W2090425592","https://openalex.org/W2110223162","https://openalex.org/W2112082141","https://openalex.org/W2121219094","https://openalex.org/W2126309792","https://openalex.org/W2126575232","https://openalex.org/W2131458843","https://openalex.org/W2132116387","https://openalex.org/W2132784721","https://openalex.org/W2135423184","https://openalex.org/W2140703378","https://openalex.org/W2155934675","https://openalex.org/W2156729062","https://openalex.org/W2163855374","https://openalex.org/W2171297959","https://openalex.org/W2171389955","https://openalex.org/W2171529323","https://openalex.org/W2195057011","https://openalex.org/W2208093466","https://openalex.org/W2276196324","https://openalex.org/W2279894050","https://openalex.org/W2299545612","https://openalex.org/W2434941261","https://openalex.org/W2464681208","https://openalex.org/W2473915673","https://openalex.org/W2533443452","https://openalex.org/W2611627410","https://openalex.org/W2744892122","https://openalex.org/W2757756934","https://openalex.org/W2758846358","https://openalex.org/W2762725889","https://openalex.org/W2769374576","https://openalex.org/W2805386885","https://openalex.org/W2805553801","https://openalex.org/W2808241417","https://openalex.org/W2884386248","https://openalex.org/W2893094758","https://openalex.org/W2951971718","https://openalex.org/W2962276684","https://openalex.org/W2969684055","https://openalex.org/W2973378179","https://openalex.org/W2994201430","https://openalex.org/W3001866303","https://openalex.org/W3003805058","https://openalex.org/W3010363316","https://openalex.org/W3021474821","https://openalex.org/W3042827400","https://openalex.org/W3049327133","https://openalex.org/W3080228553","https://openalex.org/W3087030107","https://openalex.org/W3092924284","https://openalex.org/W3118784002","https://openalex.org/W3129041840","https://openalex.org/W3145364546","https://openalex.org/W3158174578","https://openalex.org/W3175103604","https://openalex.org/W3177112908","https://openalex.org/W3196024196","https://openalex.org/W4205611396","https://openalex.org/W4206425682","https://openalex.org/W4206634366","https://openalex.org/W4214939520","https://openalex.org/W4224231854","https://openalex.org/W4229458268","https://openalex.org/W4230633180","https://openalex.org/W4251944893","https://openalex.org/W4253323169","https://openalex.org/W4289173403","https://openalex.org/W4310465589","https://openalex.org/W4310858511","https://openalex.org/W4327611073","https://openalex.org/W4366988936","https://openalex.org/W4385705590","https://openalex.org/W4389143511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551592253","https://openalex.org/W2050558417","https://openalex.org/W2135436588","https://openalex.org/W3030144597","https://openalex.org/W2498374562","https://openalex.org/W2951371476","https://openalex.org/W4231524083","https://openalex.org/W2044757050","https://openalex.org/W4307931819","https://openalex.org/W2073938056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Ulcerative":[2],"colitis":[3,100,163,259],"(UC)":[4],"is":[5,25,260],"a":[6,44,68,223,281],"subtype":[7],"of":[8,19,39,93,128,144,180,226,230,238,244,254,273,295],"inflammatory":[9],"bowel":[10],"disease":[11],"(IBD),":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14,27,102,190,211],"chronic":[15],"and":[16,50,76,107,151,164,215,232,248,266,276,293],"recurrent":[17],"inflammation":[18],"the":[20,37,59,89,126,135,181,227,236,251],"colonic":[21],"tract.":[22],"This":[23,220],"condition":[24],"marked":[26],"dysregulated":[28],"immune":[29,60,116,137,182,217],"responses,":[30],"leading":[31],"to":[32,62,133,139],"sustained":[33],"intestinal":[34],"inflammation.":[35,196],"Despite":[36],"efficacy":[38],"current":[40,228],"treatments,":[41,202],"there":[42],"remains":[43],"critical":[45],"need":[46],"for":[47,71,99,158,235],"more":[48],"targeted":[49,175],"effective":[51],"interventions.":[52],"Main":[53],"text":[54],"Immunotherapy,":[55],"which":[56,122],"involves":[57],"modulating":[58,191],"system":[61],"treat":[63],"diseases,":[64],"has":[65],"emerged":[66],"as":[67,120],"promising":[69],"strategy":[70],"managing":[72],"UC.":[73,239],"Both":[74],"innate":[75,231,275],"adaptive":[77,111,233,277],"immunotherapies":[78,87,112,234,278],"have":[79,154,170],"shown":[80,165],"considerable":[81],"potential":[82,246,272],"in":[83,125,161,195,257,268,284],"treating":[84,162,285],"colitis.":[85,129],"Innate":[86],"target":[88],"body\u2019s":[90],"first":[91],"line":[92],"defense,":[94],"offering":[95,174,208],"an":[96,204],"appealing":[97],"option":[98],"treatment":[101,237],"addressing":[103],"components":[104,179],"like":[105],"macrophages":[106],"dendritic":[108],"cells.":[109],"Conversely,":[110],"focus":[113],"on":[114],"specific":[115,178],"cell":[117,201],"subsets,":[118],"such":[119],"T-cells,":[121],"are":[123],"crucial":[124],"pathogenesis":[127],"These":[130],"therapies":[131,186,256],"aim":[132],"modulate":[134],"abnormal":[136],"response":[138],"reduce":[140],"immuno-inflammation.":[141],"Various":[142],"forms":[143],"immunotherapies,":[145],"including":[146,199],"monoclonal":[147],"antibodies,":[148],"small":[149],"molecules,":[150],"cellular":[152],"therapies,":[153,198],"been":[155,171],"extensively":[156],"studied":[157],"their":[159,242,263],"effectiveness":[160],"encouraging":[166],"results.":[167],"Monoclonal":[168],"antibodies":[169],"particularly":[172],"promising,":[173],"action":[176],"against":[177],"response.":[183],"Small":[184],"molecule":[185],"provide":[187],"another":[188],"avenue":[189],"signaling":[192],"pathways":[193],"involved":[194],"Cellular":[197],"stem":[200],"represent":[203,280],"innovative":[205],"approach,":[206],"potentially":[207],"long-term":[209],"benefits":[210],"repairing":[212],"damaged":[213],"tissues":[214],"restoring":[216],"balance.":[218],"Conclusion":[219],"review":[221],"offers":[222],"comprehensive":[224],"overview":[225],"landscape":[229],"It":[240],"details":[241],"mechanisms":[243],"action,":[245],"benefits,":[247],"limitations.":[249],"Overall,":[250],"significant":[252],"promise":[253],"these":[255],"combating":[258],"underscored,":[261],"highlighting":[262],"continued":[264],"development":[265],"utilization":[267],"UC":[269],"treatment.":[270],"The":[271],"combining":[274],"could":[279],"dynamic":[282],"duo":[283],"this":[286],"debilitating":[287],"condition,":[288],"ultimately":[289],"improving":[290],"patient":[291],"outcomes":[292],"quality":[294],"life.":[296],"Graphical":[297],"abstract":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}