{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412379869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","title":"Spontaneous neural activity alterations in medication-na\u00efve primary blepharospasm: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","display_name":"Spontaneous neural activity alterations in medication-na\u00efve primary blepharospasm: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412379869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97434221","display_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5137","issn":["1662-5137"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006405359","display_name":"Hualiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-2056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-2056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua-Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102636765","display_name":"Xin-Xin Yao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Xin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104021351","display_name":"Siyu Gu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si-Yu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032427465","display_name":"Jian-Bin Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Bin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032566209","display_name":"PingLei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-6384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-6384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127567","display_name":"Yancheng Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030cwsf88","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Lei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032566209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210127567"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13160553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1639915","last_page":"1639915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.41749998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.41749998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.2694999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.2572999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-neuronal-activity","display_name":"spontaneous neuronal activity","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-of-low-frequency-fluctuation","display_name":"amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/putamen","display_name":"putamen","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamus","display_name":"thalamus","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premotor-cortex","display_name":"premotor cortex","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-duration","display_name":"disease duration","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-naive-patients","display_name":"drug-naive patients","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropathophysiology","display_name":"neuropathophysiology","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-state-brain-activity","display_name":"resting-state brain activity","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550934","display_name":"Putamen","level":2,"score":0.8199710845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.7803161144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66324658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","level":2,"score":0.5904478430747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5818115472793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5093613862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4554540514945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38436681032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3625637888908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.32402440905570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.07637318968772888}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97434221","display_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5137","issn":["1662-5137"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40726818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in systems neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12301356","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12301356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Syst Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:872322b56bed4d8ba037a0c8a4e4bdb7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/872322b56bed4d8ba037a0c8a4e4bdb7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Vol 19 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2025.1639915/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97434221","display_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5137","issn":["1662-5137"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317802","display_name":"Jiangsu Commission of Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379869.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379869.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1760472848","https://openalex.org/W1966462282","https://openalex.org/W1969547130","https://openalex.org/W2015458477","https://openalex.org/W2030471788","https://openalex.org/W2043241250","https://openalex.org/W2059257467","https://openalex.org/W2133377010","https://openalex.org/W2161502085","https://openalex.org/W2170332928","https://openalex.org/W2335712616","https://openalex.org/W2337323496","https://openalex.org/W2587539634","https://openalex.org/W2612461449","https://openalex.org/W2752583241","https://openalex.org/W2762154136","https://openalex.org/W2765992333","https://openalex.org/W2766289570","https://openalex.org/W2770195683","https://openalex.org/W2772450934","https://openalex.org/W2810929799","https://openalex.org/W2924348744","https://openalex.org/W2965195856","https://openalex.org/W3014050607","https://openalex.org/W3015866295","https://openalex.org/W3114847800","https://openalex.org/W3154872243","https://openalex.org/W3208420962","https://openalex.org/W4200526973","https://openalex.org/W4210992199","https://openalex.org/W4211119592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601707947","https://openalex.org/W2168298321","https://openalex.org/W2387620927","https://openalex.org/W2294986132","https://openalex.org/W2365936003","https://openalex.org/W4401572343","https://openalex.org/W2138366636","https://openalex.org/W2790620361","https://openalex.org/W2371524820","https://openalex.org/W4403380244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Brain":[1],"functional":[2,33],"reorganization":[3],"in":[4,23,28,53,92,112,123,143,147,179,191],"primary":[5],"blepharospasm":[6],"(BSP)":[7],"remains":[8],"incompletely":[9],"understood.":[10],"This":[11],"study":[12],"aimed":[13],"to":[14,16,69,101,208],"add":[15],"the":[17,62,78,113,124,144,148,175,187,192,202,210],"increasing":[18],"knowledge":[19],"by":[20],"examining":[21],"abnormalities":[22],"local":[24],"spontaneous":[25,71,168],"neural":[26,72,169],"activity":[27,170],"this":[29,54],"disorder.":[30],"Methods":[31],"Resting-state":[32],"magnetic":[34],"resonance":[35],"imaging":[36,57],"data":[37,58],"were":[38,59,96,151],"acquired":[39],"from":[40],"32":[41,47],"medication-na\u00efve":[42,104,180],"patients":[43,93,105],"with":[44,94,106,133,154],"BSP":[45,95,107,181,198],"and":[46,49,82,87,116,120,200],"age-":[48],"sex-matched":[50],"healthy":[51,102],"controls":[52],"study.":[55],"The":[56],"analyzed":[60],"using":[61],"amplitude":[63],"of":[64,174,204],"low":[65],"frequency":[66],"fluctuation":[67],"(ALFF)":[68],"measure":[70],"activity.":[73],"Partial":[74],"correlation":[75],"analyses":[76],"between":[77],"altered":[79],"ALFF":[80,111,122,141,184],"values":[81,142],"clinical":[83],"variables":[84],"(illness":[85],"duration":[86,156],"Jankovic":[88],"Rating":[89],"Scale":[90],"score)":[91],"further":[97],"conducted.":[98],"Results":[99],"Compared":[100],"controls,":[103],"exhibited":[108],"significantly":[109],"increased":[110],"bilateral":[114,125],"putamen":[115,146],"left":[117,145],"premotor":[118],"cortex":[119],"decreased":[121],"thalamus":[126],"(p":[127],"<":[128],"0.05,":[129],"threshold-free":[130],"cluster":[131],"enhancement":[132],"family-wise":[134],"error":[135],"correction":[136],"for":[137],"multiple":[138],"comparisons).":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"patient":[149],"group":[150],"positively":[152],"correlated":[153],"illness":[155],"(r":[157],"=":[158,161],"0.53,":[159],"p":[160],"0.002).":[162],"Conclusion":[163],"Our":[164],"findings":[165],"reveal":[166],"aberrant":[167],"within":[171],"key":[172],"regions":[173],"motor":[176],"control":[177],"network":[178],"patients.":[182],"These":[183],"alterations,":[185],"especially":[186],"progressive":[188],"changes":[189],"observed":[190],"putamen,":[193],"provide":[194],"novel":[195],"insights":[196],"into":[197],"neuropathophysiology":[199],"highlight":[201],"value":[203],"studying":[205],"untreated":[206],"cohorts":[207],"understand":[209],"disorder\u2019s":[211],"intrinsic":[212],"characteristics.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
