{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412379825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","title":"Barriers to positive bystander behavior: understanding undergraduate physical education students\u2019 attitudes and intentional behavior in gender-based violence prevention","display_name":"Barriers to positive bystander behavior: understanding undergraduate physical education students\u2019 attitudes and intentional behavior in gender-based violence prevention","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412379825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40727653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116549838","display_name":"Tiphaine Clerincx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-9745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-9745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiphaine Clerincx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062604030","display_name":"Hebe Schaill\u00e9e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-5055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-5055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hebe Schaill\u00e9e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076033912","display_name":"Inge Derom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-986X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-986X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inge Derom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit Sport & Society, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":3.6591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9224509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1569307","last_page":"1569307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-based-violence","display_name":"gender-based violence","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bystander-intervention","display_name":"bystander intervention","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-education-students","display_name":"physical education students","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-based-violence-prevention","display_name":"gender-based violence prevention","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-violence","display_name":"attitudes toward violence","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-intervention","display_name":"barriers to intervention","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generational-differences","display_name":"generational differences","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-response","display_name":"stress response","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-management","display_name":"stress management","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-identity","display_name":"gender identity","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.6668921709060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.6121156215667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5737758874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5227518081665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.48066866397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.47700169682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.46016666293144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.44575807452201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.423595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34580332040786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.33596163988113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2744869589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18163588643074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.12449610233306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40727653","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40727653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in sports and active living","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:261059","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307/full","pdf_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/139802081/fspor-7-1569307.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12301314","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12301314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Sports Act Living","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06fe10f821b745ca8007a2d4f11285d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06fe10f821b745ca8007a2d4f11285d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1569307/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1856900447","https://openalex.org/W2027737668","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2159461653","https://openalex.org/W2164611602","https://openalex.org/W2170644967","https://openalex.org/W2747445554","https://openalex.org/W2809653132","https://openalex.org/W2981894127","https://openalex.org/W3008487140","https://openalex.org/W3181577493","https://openalex.org/W3209221627","https://openalex.org/W4288695060","https://openalex.org/W4290624635","https://openalex.org/W4293149689","https://openalex.org/W4296449715","https://openalex.org/W4311200522","https://openalex.org/W4311595808","https://openalex.org/W4313587977","https://openalex.org/W4319600419","https://openalex.org/W4320081749","https://openalex.org/W4385950530","https://openalex.org/W4391490345","https://openalex.org/W4394619904","https://openalex.org/W4401101864","https://openalex.org/W4404696246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111736898","https://openalex.org/W4386731186","https://openalex.org/W2239306219","https://openalex.org/W3036063864","https://openalex.org/W563096618","https://openalex.org/W1820505434","https://openalex.org/W1774155268","https://openalex.org/W2997034443","https://openalex.org/W3166510378","https://openalex.org/W4392833314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Gender-based":[1,46],"violence":[2,47,56,192],"(GBV)":[3],"is":[4,9,48,107],"a":[5,170,226],"global":[6],"issue":[7],"that":[8],"reported":[10],"in":[11,81,98,135,220,268],"multiple":[12],"contexts,":[13],"including":[14],"higher":[15],"education":[16,70,91],"institutes":[17],"(HEI)":[18],"and":[19,92,117,137,139,156,174,190,213,230,259,271],"sports":[20,35],"settings.":[21],"Individuals":[22],"whose":[23],"gender":[24,27,63,66,201],"identity":[25,64],"or":[26,36,65,200],"expression":[28],"diverges":[29],"from":[30,149,255],"the":[31,82,99,231,248,276],"dominant":[32],"norms":[33,212],"within":[34,286],"HEIs":[37],"are":[38,73],"at":[39,58,194],"an":[40],"increased":[41],"risk":[42],"of":[43,54,84,104,113,205,228,244],"experiencing":[44],"GBV.":[45,123,240],"broadly":[49],"defined":[50],"as":[51,78,154,159,187],"any":[52],"form":[53],"interpersonal":[55],"directed":[57,193],"individuals":[59,195],"based":[60,196],"on":[61,197],"their":[62,87,93,115,198],"expression.":[67],"Undergraduate":[68],"physical":[69],"(PE)":[71],"students":[72,144,236,265],"uniquely":[74],"positioned":[75],"to":[76,89,95,108,218,250,262],"act":[77],"change":[79],"agents":[80],"prevention":[83,207,253,284],"GBV,":[85,114],"given":[86],"connection":[88],"both":[90],"ambition":[94],"become":[96],"professionals":[97],"sport":[100],"sector.":[101],"The":[102,242],"aim":[103],"this":[105,245],"study":[106,246],"investigate":[109],"PE":[110,143,235,264],"students'":[111],"perceptions":[112,204],"attitudes,":[116],"intentional":[118],"bystander":[119],"behavior":[120],"when":[121,238],"witnessing":[122,239],"Methods:":[124],"An":[125],"explorative":[126],"qualitative":[127],"research":[128],"design":[129],"using":[130],"focus":[131,166],"groups":[132,167],"was":[133],"conducted":[134],"Spain":[136],"Belgium":[138],"involved":[140],"65":[141],"undergraduate":[142],"selected":[145],"through":[146,164,179],"convenience":[147],"sampling":[148],"5":[150],"HEIs,":[151],"41":[152],"identified":[153,158],"males":[155],"24":[157],"females.":[160],"Data":[161],"were":[162,208],"gathered":[163],"9":[165],"guided":[168],"by":[169,210],"semi-structured":[171],"interview":[172],"guide":[173],"subsequently":[175],"analyzed":[176],"via":[177],"Nvivo":[178],"reflective":[180],"thematic":[181],"analysis.":[182],"Results:":[183],"Students":[184],"perceived":[185],"GBV":[186,206,221,252,283],"psychological,":[188],"physical,":[189],"sexual":[191],"sex":[199],"identity.":[202],"Their":[203],"shaped":[209],"social":[211],"generational":[214],"differences.":[215],"Key":[216],"barriers":[217],"intervening":[219],"situations":[222],"included":[223],"societal":[224],"norms,":[225],"lack":[227],"competencies,":[229],"natural":[232],"stress":[233,269],"response":[234],"experienced":[237],"Discussion:":[241],"findings":[243],"underscore":[247],"need":[249],"shift":[251],"interventions":[254,285],"merely":[256],"raising":[257],"awareness":[258],"disseminating":[260],"knowledge":[261],"equipping":[263],"with":[266],"skills":[267],"management":[270],"self-regulation.":[272],"These":[273],"insights":[274],"lay":[275],"groundwork":[277],"for":[278],"developing":[279],"more":[280],"effective,":[281],"context-sensitive":[282],"HEIs.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
