{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412379060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","title":"Effects of isolated or combined carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation on tennis training performance: single-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover session","display_name":"Effects of isolated or combined carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation on tennis training performance: single-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover session","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412379060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40727690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006260718","display_name":"Mekki Abdio\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-1594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-1594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mekki Abdioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069152356","display_name":"Ahmet Mor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-1111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-1111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","display_name":"Sinop University","ror":"https://ror.org/004ah3r71","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Mor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060333688","display_name":"Dan Iulian Alexe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-761X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-761X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142575","display_name":"University of Bac\u0103u","ror":"https://ror.org/03x3axr33","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Iulian Alexe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bacau, Bac\u0103u, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bacau, Bac\u0103u, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raul Marian Todor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124121301","display_name":"Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu","ror":"https://ror.org/026gdz537","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124121301"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raul Marian Todor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Physics, Physical Education and Sport, \"Lucian Blaga\" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Physics, Physical Education and Sport, \"Lucian Blaga\" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124121301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008018271","display_name":"Elena Adelina Panaet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-8328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-8328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142575","display_name":"University of Bac\u0103u","ror":"https://ror.org/03x3axr33","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Adelina Panaet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bacau, Bac\u0103u, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bacau, Bac\u0103u, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090827711","display_name":"Cristina Ioana Alexe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-7741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-7741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142575","display_name":"University of Bac\u0103u","ror":"https://ror.org/03x3axr33","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Ioana Alexe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bac\u0103u, Bac\u0103u, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, \"Vasile Alecsandri\" University of Bac\u0103u, Bac\u0103u, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014292084","display_name":"F\u0131rat Ak\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-105X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-105X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firat Akca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060333688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124121301","https://openalex.org/I4210142575"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":5.6933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96155466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1608893","last_page":"1608893"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tennis","display_name":"tennis","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-supplementation","display_name":"carbohydrate supplementation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine-supplementation","display_name":"caffeine supplementation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergogenic-aids","display_name":"ergogenic aids","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-gels","display_name":"carbohydrate gels","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-of-perceived-exertion","display_name":"rating of perceived exertion","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermovement-jump","display_name":"countermovement jump","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"heart rate","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-discomfort","display_name":"gastrointestinal discomfort","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-athletes","display_name":"youth athletes","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-supplementation","display_name":"combination supplementation","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unforced-errors","display_name":"unforced errors","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydration-during-exercise","display_name":"hydration during exercise","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-oxidation","display_name":"fat oxidation","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lactate","display_name":"blood lactate","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.6780167818069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5724684000015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993527604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372945","display_name":"Perceived exertion","level":4,"score":0.4639854431152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4248132109642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.39207130670547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.24952563643455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19761979579925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40727690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40727690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in nutrition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.sinop.edu.tr:11486/8569","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11486/8569","pdf_url":"https://acikerisim.sinop.edu.tr/bitstreams/c8c56ce1-aca4-4c53-b2ec-ce4266cd7126/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196687","display_name":"DSpace-Sinop (Sinop University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76257594","host_organization_name":"Sinop University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76257594"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12301218","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12301218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Nutr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9861fb73768b4ddfa74a31f3c07214b7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9861fb73768b4ddfa74a31f3c07214b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1608893/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309936","display_name":"Ankara Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379060.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412379060.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195814109","https://openalex.org/W851573829","https://openalex.org/W1482976729","https://openalex.org/W1939568092","https://openalex.org/W1958996366","https://openalex.org/W1976800458","https://openalex.org/W1978680096","https://openalex.org/W1980412809","https://openalex.org/W1992073145","https://openalex.org/W1994970739","https://openalex.org/W2004008756","https://openalex.org/W2008655281","https://openalex.org/W2013598477","https://openalex.org/W2028160313","https://openalex.org/W2030126648","https://openalex.org/W2033691707","https://openalex.org/W2042513662","https://openalex.org/W2043398804","https://openalex.org/W2044840003","https://openalex.org/W2045256335","https://openalex.org/W2056170537","https://openalex.org/W2082138830","https://openalex.org/W2095452804","https://openalex.org/W2099536677","https://openalex.org/W2132913317","https://openalex.org/W2133129249","https://openalex.org/W2136135441","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2139714124","https://openalex.org/W2142538373","https://openalex.org/W2143525071","https://openalex.org/W2153258327","https://openalex.org/W2156629464","https://openalex.org/W2159408738","https://openalex.org/W2159541555","https://openalex.org/W2160810813","https://openalex.org/W2315761258","https://openalex.org/W2335998726","https://openalex.org/W2613543312","https://openalex.org/W2649446802","https://openalex.org/W2753311436","https://openalex.org/W2794053957","https://openalex.org/W2800939450","https://openalex.org/W2887218535","https://openalex.org/W2896472113","https://openalex.org/W2969004683","https://openalex.org/W3154563354","https://openalex.org/W4254359535","https://openalex.org/W4301599684","https://openalex.org/W4308465046","https://openalex.org/W4389817005","https://openalex.org/W6607952145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W2132710482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"In":[1,39,308],"long":[2],"tennis":[3,33,83,111],"matches,":[4],"the":[5,43,56,174,191,199,214,217,229,256,280,335,339],"number":[6],"of":[7,58,94,176],"unforced":[8],"errors":[9],"in":[10,22,27,101,133,213],"groundstrokes":[11,189],"increases.":[12],"However,":[13],"players":[14,34,112],"need":[15],"to":[16,24,41,54],"maintain":[17],"their":[18],"successful":[19,26],"strokes":[20,317],"consistently":[21],"order":[23,40],"be":[25],"matches.":[28],"To":[29],"overcome":[30],"this":[31],"situation,":[32],"utilize":[35],"certain":[36],"ergogenic":[37,46],"supplements.":[38],"determine":[42],"most":[44],"effective":[45],"supplement":[47],"on":[48,82,315],"players\u2019":[49,84],"performance,":[50],"it":[51],"is":[52],"aimed":[53],"investigate":[55],"effects":[57],"caffeinated":[59],"chewing":[60],"gum":[61,75,155],"(CAF":[62],"GUM":[63,80,146,158,162,167,185,201,222,237,248,264,272,326,353],"),":[64],"carbohydrate":[65],"gel":[66,72],"(CHO":[67,76],"GEL":[68,77,141,151,182,219,245,323,350],")":[69,81,159],"and":[70,98,124,135,172,198,235,262,318,330,351],"cho":[71],"+":[73,78,144,154,183,220,246,324],"cafe":[74],"CAF":[79,145,161,184,221,271,325,352],"basic":[85,316],"strokes,":[86],"countermovement":[87],"jumps":[88],"(CMJ),":[89],"heart":[90],"rate":[91],"(HR),":[92],"ratings":[93],"perceived":[95],"exertion":[96],"(RPE)":[97],"gastrointestinal":[99],"discomfort":[100],"a":[102,169,312],"training":[103,215,332],"session.":[104,337],"Method":[105],"The":[106,180,243,270],"study":[107],"included":[108],"14":[109],"male":[110],"(mean":[113],"age:":[114],"15.93":[115],"\u00b1":[116,121,128],"0.83":[117],"years,":[118],"height:":[119],"173.86":[120],"6.89":[122],"cm,":[123],"body":[125],"mass:":[126],"60.64":[127],"2.58":[129],"kg)":[130],"with":[131,334],"experience":[132],"national":[134],"international":[136],"tournaments.":[137],"Players":[138],"ingested":[139],"CHO":[140,150,181,218,244,322,349],"(21.1":[142,152],"g)":[143,153],"(100":[147,163],"mg)":[148,164],"or":[149,160,165,300],"placebo":[156],"(PLA":[157],"PLA":[166,200,236,247,263],"before":[168,329],"high-intensity":[170],"workout":[171],"at":[173],"end":[175],"each":[177],"set.":[178],"Results":[179],"session":[186,223,249,273],"performed":[187],"better":[188],"than":[190,228,255,279],"control":[192,336],"(CON)":[193],"(":[194,203,231,238,258,265,282,296,302],"p":[195,204,232,239,259,266,283,297,303],"=":[196,205,233,240,260,267,284,298,304],"0.001)":[197],"sessions":[202],"0.001).":[206],"When":[207],"total":[208],"RPE":[209,226,253,277,319],"values":[210],"were":[211],"considered":[212],"session,":[216],"had":[224,250,274],"lower":[225,252,276],"scores":[227,254,278,320],"CON":[230,257,281],"0.010)":[234],"0.044)":[241],"sessions.":[242,269,354],"significantly":[251,275,292],"0.005)":[261,268],"0.013).":[285],"It":[286],"was":[287,311,343],"observed":[288],"that":[289],"no":[290,344],"supplements":[291],"affected":[293],"either":[294],"HR":[295],"0.188)":[299],"CMJ":[301],"0.349)":[305],"scores.":[306],"Conclusions":[307],"conclusion,":[309],"there":[310,342],"significant":[313,345],"difference":[314],"between":[321,348],"supplementation":[327],"used":[328],"during":[331],"compared":[333],"At":[338],"same":[340],"time,":[341],"performance":[346],"outcomes":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
