{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412376918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","title":"Reconciling Efficiency and Effectiveness of Exercise Retreival: An Uncertainty Reduction Hashing Approach for Computerized Adaptive Testing","display_name":"Reconciling Efficiency and Effectiveness of Exercise Retreival: An Uncertainty Reduction Hashing Approach for Computerized Adaptive Testing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412376918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3730072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3730072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3730072","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569394","display_name":"Haiping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-6855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-6855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technolog, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-6855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technolog, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9478-2462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9478-2462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9478-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103127031","display_name":"Xiaoshan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-6914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-6914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, AnHui University, He Fei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-6914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, AnHui University, He Fei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474428","display_name":"Changqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4818-2284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4818-2284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4818-2284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038215318","display_name":"Shangshang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-5424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-5424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangshang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-5424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030608884","display_name":"Limiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-4047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-4047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028634381","display_name":"Xingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-000X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-000X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9107-1677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-000X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, AnHui University, Hefei, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8448,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90705615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1044","last_page":"1054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.11240000277757645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-adaptive-testing","display_name":"computerized adaptive testing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-selection","display_name":"exercise selection","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-learning","display_name":"hash code learning","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-diagnosis-models","display_name":"cognitive diagnosis models","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-reduction","display_name":"uncertainty reduction","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shannon-entropy","display_name":"Shannon entropy","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-ability-estimation","display_name":"student ability estimation","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hashcat","display_name":"Hashcat","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-alignment","display_name":"information alignment","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6793769001960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6738340258598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6208249926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12254109978675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08727821707725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3730072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3730072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3730072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3730072","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3730072","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1266397938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62107001, 62302010, 62302009, 62202006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5035339273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62107001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6759899000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7749118475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7887348775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412376918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412376918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535520578","https://openalex.org/W1975508799","https://openalex.org/W2066930759","https://openalex.org/W2090836891","https://openalex.org/W2336920772","https://openalex.org/W2808813201","https://openalex.org/W2963605131","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2997219077","https://openalex.org/W2997882704","https://openalex.org/W3012833893","https://openalex.org/W3127184636","https://openalex.org/W3133727220","https://openalex.org/W3179856054","https://openalex.org/W3187743275","https://openalex.org/W3190396572","https://openalex.org/W4224014314","https://openalex.org/W4234360742","https://openalex.org/W4250331344","https://openalex.org/W4283691812","https://openalex.org/W4283808942","https://openalex.org/W4292448859","https://openalex.org/W4312693803","https://openalex.org/W4385568091","https://openalex.org/W4387841511","https://openalex.org/W4387847066","https://openalex.org/W4387848623","https://openalex.org/W4387881266","https://openalex.org/W4390738618","https://openalex.org/W4393153512","https://openalex.org/W4396757507","https://openalex.org/W4401856724","https://openalex.org/W4401863607","https://openalex.org/W4404991172","https://openalex.org/W4405347008","https://openalex.org/W4409364813","https://openalex.org/W4409365220","https://openalex.org/W4409657429","https://openalex.org/W4415796278","https://openalex.org/W4415799298","https://openalex.org/W6600601450","https://openalex.org/W6604435517","https://openalex.org/W7133233335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387847066","https://openalex.org/W7140098964","https://openalex.org/W4284664988","https://openalex.org/W4416251924","https://openalex.org/W3190396572","https://openalex.org/W4409364813","https://openalex.org/W4417504583","https://openalex.org/W4410720653","https://openalex.org/W4416252070","https://openalex.org/W7138303580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,38,43,58,83,129,134,138,155,169,184,207],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,25,34,60,82],"intelligent":[5],"education,":[6],"Computerized":[7],"Adaptive":[8],"Testing(CAT)":[9],"has":[10],"garnered":[11],"significant":[12],"attention":[13],"for":[14],"its":[15],"ability":[16,188],"to":[17,20,71,92,115,118,153,182],"tailor":[18],"exercises":[19,192],"individual":[21],"examinees.":[22],"The":[23,220],"adaptability":[24],"CAT":[26,49,110],"is":[27],"primarily":[28],"achieved":[29],"through":[30],"alternating":[32],"optimization":[33],"two":[35,127],"core":[36],"components:":[37],"cognitive":[39,150],"diagnosis":[40,151],"model":[41,154],"and":[42,96,121,133,147,159,190],"exercise":[44,135],"selection":[45,213],"module.":[46],"However,":[47],"existing":[48],"approaches,":[50],"despite":[51],"their":[52],"remarkable":[53],"achievements,":[54],"often":[55],"come":[56],"at":[57],"expense":[59],"high":[61],"time":[62,68,79,97],"costs.":[63],"Statistical-based":[64],"approaches":[65,76],"incur":[66],"increased":[67],"overhead":[69],"due":[70],"complex":[72],"computations,":[73],"while":[74,215],"data-driven":[75],"further":[77],"exacerbate":[78],"inefficiency":[80],"because":[81],"iterative":[84],"processes":[85],"in":[86,102,186,224],"reinforcement":[87],"learning,":[88],"making":[89],"it":[90],"challenging":[91],"balance":[93,119],"evaluation":[94,122,218],"effectiveness":[95],"efficiency.":[98],"To":[99],"this":[100,103,197],"end,":[101],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,141,172],"propose":[106,173],"HashCAT,":[107],"an":[108,143,174],"efficient":[109],"approach":[111,125],"based":[112],"on":[113,201],"learning":[114],"hash,":[116],"aiming":[117],"efficiency":[120,214],"effectiveness.":[123],"Our":[124],"comprises":[126],"stages:":[128],"hash":[130,162],"representation":[131],"generation":[132],"selection.":[136],"In":[137,168],"first":[139],"stage,":[140,171],"design":[142],"information":[144,180],"alignment":[145],"module":[146],"a":[148],"novel":[149],"function":[152],"interaction":[156],"between":[157],"examinees":[158],"exercises,":[160],"generating":[161],"representations":[163],"with":[164],"clear":[165],"physical":[166],"significance.":[167],"second":[170],"uncertainty":[175,185],"reduction-based":[176],"algorithm":[177],"that":[178,193,206],"utilize":[179],"entropy":[181],"quantify":[183],"student":[187],"estimation":[189],"selects":[191],"most":[194],"effectively":[195],"reduce":[196],"uncertainty.":[198],"Experimental":[199],"results":[200],"four":[202],"real-world":[203],"datasets":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"proposed":[208],"method":[209],"significantly":[210],"improves":[211],"question":[212],"maintaining":[216],"competitive":[217],"performance.":[219],"code":[221],"exists":[222],"anonymously":[223],"https://github.com/sherklock/Intelligent-Education/tree/main/HashCAT-main.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}