{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412374331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","title":"Digital Exploitation in the Gig Economy: A Marxian Study on Platform and Online Ojek Driver Relations","display_name":"Digital Exploitation in the Gig Economy: A Marxian Study on Platform and Online Ojek Driver Relations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412374331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","pdf_url":"https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/download/706/209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202139","display_name":"Electronic Journal of Education Social Economics and Technology","issn_l":"2723-6250","issn":["2723-6250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4412374331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/download/706/209","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117611686","display_name":"M Khairullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3555-761X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3555-761X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Khairullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031049315","display_name":"Romi Oktarian Novasari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I271888150","display_name":"Sriwijaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bmb197","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romi Oktarian Novasari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sriwijaya University, Palembang, 35119"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sriwijaya University, Palembang, 35119","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I271888150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112611303","display_name":"Tina Kartika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Kartika","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102837202","display_name":"Nina Yudha Aryanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-3667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-3667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Yudha Aryanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35119","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83172393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"647","last_page":"655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gig-economy","display_name":"gig economy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platform-work","display_name":"platform work","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-motorcycle-taxis","display_name":"online motorcycle taxis","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karl-marx","display_name":"Karl Marx","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-conflict-theory","display_name":"social conflict theory","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-exploitation","display_name":"class exploitation","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workers-collectives","display_name":"work collectives","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-regulation","display_name":"labor regulation","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986445992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96619693","display_name":"Gig economy","level":3,"score":0.6403448581695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4348883032798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3995654284954071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3609548509120941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13840162754058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","pdf_url":"https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/download/706/209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202139","display_name":"Electronic Journal of Education Social Economics and Technology","issn_l":"2723-6250","issn":["2723-6250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ejeset.saintispub.com:article/706","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/view/706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202139","display_name":"Electronic Journal of Education Social Economics and Technology","issn_l":"2723-6250","issn":["2723-6250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.33122/ejeset.v6i1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i1.706","pdf_url":"https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/download/706/209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202139","display_name":"Electronic Journal of Education Social Economics and Technology","issn_l":"2723-6250","issn":["2723-6250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412374331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412374331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944416765","https://openalex.org/W3128566128","https://openalex.org/W4321484674","https://openalex.org/W4400147551","https://openalex.org/W4402173671","https://openalex.org/W4406626493","https://openalex.org/W4409687684","https://openalex.org/W4410278744","https://openalex.org/W7221999810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165790946","https://openalex.org/W7164169226","https://openalex.org/W6908598110","https://openalex.org/W7166807771","https://openalex.org/W7156505653","https://openalex.org/W3022958467","https://openalex.org/W7169529167","https://openalex.org/W7167978427","https://openalex.org/W7118133015","https://openalex.org/W4403606297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168],"transformation":[1],"of":[2,33,66,120,149,157,166,170,176,182],"the":[3,16,31,63,69,118,121,134,143,147,174,180],"digital":[4,70,84,106],"economy":[5,145],"has":[6,124],"given":[7],"rise":[8],"to":[9,61,126,131],"a":[10,40,114,154,163],"new":[11,155],"work":[12,41,71,188],"model":[13],"known":[14],"as":[15,162],"gig":[17,144],"economy,":[18],"where":[19],"app-based":[20],"jobs":[21],"like":[22],"online":[23,150],"motorcycle":[24,151],"taxis":[25,152],"(ojol)":[26],"are":[27],"rapidly":[28],"growing.":[29],"Behind":[30],"narrative":[32],"flexibility":[34],"and":[35,50,76,94,179],"partnership":[36],"offered,":[37],"there":[38],"lies":[39],"relationship":[42],"that":[43,83,142],"creates":[44,95],"structural":[45],"inequalities":[46,135],"between":[47],"platform":[48],"companies":[49],"workers.":[51],"This":[52,139],"research":[53,140],"uses":[54],"Karl":[55],"Marx's":[56],"social":[57],"conflict":[58],"theory":[59],"approach":[60],"analyze":[62],"hidden":[64],"forms":[65],"exploitation":[67],"behind":[68],"system.":[72],"Through":[73],"literature":[74],"review":[75],"critical":[77],"discourse":[78],"analysis,":[79],"it":[80],"was":[81],"found":[82],"communication":[85,161],"run":[86],"by":[87],"platforms":[88],"is":[89],"one-way,":[90],"relies":[91],"on":[92],"algorithms,":[93],"unequal":[96],"power":[97],"relations.":[98,138],"Ojol":[99],"workers":[100],"do":[101],"not":[102],"have":[103],"control":[104],"over":[105],"production":[107],"tools":[108],"(applications),":[109],"which":[110],"places":[111],"them":[112],"in":[113,136,146,185],"subordinate":[115],"position.":[116],"Moreover,":[117],"use":[119],"term":[122],"\"partner\"":[123],"proven":[125],"be":[127],"an":[128],"ideological":[129],"instrument":[130],"cover":[132],"up":[133],"labor":[137],"concludes":[141],"context":[148],"reproduces":[153],"form":[156],"class":[158],"exploitation,":[159],"with":[160],"covert":[164],"tool":[165],"domination.":[167],"implications":[169],"these":[171],"findings":[172],"emphasize":[173],"importance":[175],"fair":[177],"regulation":[178],"strengthening":[181],"worker":[183],"collectives":[184],"facing":[186],"platform-based":[187],"models.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}