{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412373419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","title":"CenPush: Blocking-Resistant Control Channel Using Push Notifications","display_name":"CenPush: Blocking-Resistant Control Channel Using Push Notifications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412373419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Piyush Kumar Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piyush Kumar Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027764810","display_name":"Diwen Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-4765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-4765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diwen Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118967856","display_name":"Aaron Ortwein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Ortwein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022191380","display_name":"Cecylia Bocovich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800217829","display_name":"The Tor Project","ror":"https://ror.org/01m3r9s26","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800217829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecylia Bocovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Tor Project"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Tor Project","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800217829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041567268","display_name":"Harry Harry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-8112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-8112"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079998164","display_name":"Roya Ensafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-8267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-8267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roya Ensafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74464988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"712","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-notifications","display_name":"push notifications","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-channel","display_name":"control channel","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censorship-resistance","display_name":"censorship resistance","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumvention-tools","display_name":"circumvention tools","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tor","display_name":"Tor","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-server-communication","display_name":"client-server communication","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.8238984942436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5379884839057922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.49109578132629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157607044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165851","display_name":"Control channel","level":3,"score":0.43978214263916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38930684328079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35888126492500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05467754602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392835431","https://openalex.org/W2126932387","https://openalex.org/W2068245682","https://openalex.org/W2895249446","https://openalex.org/W2900460384","https://openalex.org/W2969544377","https://openalex.org/W3120935688","https://openalex.org/W2008174958","https://openalex.org/W2068199188","https://openalex.org/W2104482750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,12,113,128],"global":[4],"censorship":[5],"events":[6],"has":[7],"stimulated":[8],"a":[9,97,102,110],"substantial":[10],"growth":[11],"users":[13],"relying":[14],"on":[15,51],"circumvention":[16,114,131],"tools.":[17,115],"Fighting":[18],"against":[19],"censors":[20],"requires":[21],"tool":[22,73,83,132],"maintainers":[23,74,84],"to":[24,40,85,95,120,138,143],"frequently":[25],"update":[26,86],"client-side":[27],"configurations":[28,88],"and":[29,53,68,75,122,134],"proxy":[30],"IPs.":[31],"However,":[32],"existing":[33],"methods":[34],"for":[35,43,93,105,126],"doing":[36],"so":[37],"require":[38],"clients":[39,94],"explicitly":[41],"query":[42,98],"updates.":[44],"Further,":[45],"this":[46],"client-initiated":[47],"communication":[48,70],"relies":[49],"mostly":[50],"ad-hoc":[52],"out-of-band":[54],"channels.":[55],"This":[56],"work":[57],"demonstrates":[58],"the":[59,91,118,129],"utility":[60,137],"of":[61],"push":[62,79,107,124,139],"notification":[63,80],"services":[64],"as":[65,109],"an":[66],"efficient":[67],"sustainable":[69],"channel":[71,81,112],"between":[72],"their":[76,136],"clients.":[77,145],"A":[78],"allows":[82],"client":[87],"automatically":[89],"without":[90],"need":[92],"initiate":[96],"themselves.":[99],"We":[100,116],"develop":[101],"general-purpose":[103],"design":[104,119],"integrating":[106],"notifications":[108,125],"control":[111],"utilize":[117],"integrate":[121],"implement":[123],"use":[127],"popular":[130],"Tor":[133,144],"demonstrate":[135],"bridge":[140],"line":[141],"updates":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
