{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412373390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","title":"Hoovered up as a data point: Exploring Privacy Behaviours, Awareness, and Concerns Among UK Users of LLM-based Conversational Agents","display_name":"Hoovered up as a data point: Exploring Privacy Behaviours, Awareness, and Concerns Among UK Users of LLM-based Conversational Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412373390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092688469","display_name":"Lisa Mekioussa Malki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7282-3767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7282-3767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Mekioussa Malki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118967848","display_name":"Akhil Polamarasetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4061-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4061-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhil Polamarasetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042002527","display_name":"Majid Hatamian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-5570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-5570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Hatamian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036830229","display_name":"Mark Warner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-6275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-6275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Warner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020935970","display_name":"Enrico Costanza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Costanza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.375,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96557031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"838","last_page":"860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbots","display_name":"chatbots","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-awareness","display_name":"privacy awareness","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-concerns","display_name":"privacy concerns","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-behavior","display_name":"privacy behavior","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-disclosure","display_name":"self-disclosure","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-be-forgotten","display_name":"right to be forgotten","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-deletion","display_name":"data deletion","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-data","display_name":"training data","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-differences","display_name":"demographic differences","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.7649139165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5091454386711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4626949727535248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3658387064933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33479437232017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10210557","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10210557/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10210557/1/Hoovered_Up_as_a_Data_Point___PETs_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2025(3). ACM (2025) (In press).","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6,40],"in":[7,34,77,160],"conversational":[8],"agents":[9],"(CAs)":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,15,41,53,147,157],"their":[13,22,78,101],"ability":[14],"generate":[16],"coherent":[17],"and":[18,49,73,107,123,136,178,180,192,201],"human-like":[19],"text.":[20],"However,":[21],"deployment":[23],"raises":[24],"significant":[25,182],"privacy":[26,75,102,111,165,176],"concerns,":[27,106],"as":[28,163],"users":[29,71,96],"often":[30],"share":[31,148],"sensitive":[32,149],"data":[33,37,135],"prompts.":[35],"This":[36],"can":[38],"be":[39,54],"train":[42],"the":[43,131,194],"underlying":[44],"LLM,":[45],"introducing":[46],"memorisation":[47],"risks":[48],"challenging":[50],"users'":[51],"right":[52],"forgotten.":[55],"While":[56],"these":[57],"issues":[58,76],"have":[59],"been":[60],"explored":[61],"from":[62],"a":[63,91,172],"technical":[64],"standpoint,":[65],"little":[66],"is":[67],"known":[68],"about":[69,130],"how":[70],"perceive":[72],"navigate":[74],"day-to-day":[79],"use":[80],"of":[81,93,109,133,139,196],"LLM-based":[82],"CAs.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"this":[86],"research":[87],"gap,":[88],"we":[89,153,170],"conducted":[90],"survey":[92],"UK-based":[94],"CA":[95],"(n=211)":[97],"that":[98,115,124],"focused":[99],"on":[100],"behaviours,":[103],"self-disclosure":[104,159],"boundaries,":[105],"awareness":[108,177],"LLM-specific":[110],"issues.":[112],"We":[113,185],"found":[114],"engagement":[116],"with":[117,166],"protective":[118],"behaviours":[119],"was":[120],"low":[121],"overall,":[122],"many":[125],"participants":[126,143],"held":[127],"inaccurate":[128],"beliefs":[129],"effects":[132],"deleting":[134],"opting":[137],"out":[138],"model":[140],"training.":[141],"Although":[142],"were":[144],"generally":[145],"reluctant":[146],"information":[150],"during":[151],"interactions,":[152],"identified":[154,181],"several":[155],"challenges":[156],"limiting":[158],"practice,":[161],"such":[162],"balancing":[164],"app":[167],"utility.":[168],"Lastly,":[169],"observed":[171],"nuanced":[173],"relationship":[174],"between":[175],"concern,":[179],"demographic":[183],"effects.":[184],"propose":[186],"design":[187],"avenues":[188],"for":[189,199],"privacy-supportive":[190],"tools,":[191],"discuss":[193],"implications":[195],"our":[197],"work":[198],"regulation":[200],"governance.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
