{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412373085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","title":"The Efficacy of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques in Improving Range of Motion and Strength: A Systematic Review","display_name":"The Efficacy of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques in Improving Range of Motion and Strength: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412373085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","pdf_url":"https://seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/download/3801/2495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289660","display_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2197-5248","issn":["2197-5248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/download/3801/2495","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113484149","display_name":"Jobby George","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252669","display_name":"Fujairah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1fqt10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252669"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jobby George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, College of Health Sciences , University of Fujairah , Fujairah , UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, College of Health Sciences , University of Fujairah , Fujairah , UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118967695","display_name":"Muneeb Maqsood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154413","display_name":"University of Sialkot","ror":"https://ror.org/00kg1aq11","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muneeb Maqsood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Demonstrator , Department of Physical Therapy , University of Sialkot , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Demonstrator , Department of Physical Therapy , University of Sialkot , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113187463","display_name":"Hend Salem Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hend Salem Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy , Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al-Ahliyya Amman University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy , Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al-Ahliyya Amman University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045374554","display_name":"Aliya Shair Muhammad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801016671","display_name":"Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04karqd05","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801016671"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliya Shair Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Bolan University Medical and Health Sciences , Quetta . Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Bolan University Medical and Health Sciences , Quetta . Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801016671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070181453","display_name":"Zeinab M Abdelrehim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-5218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-5218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272027","display_name":"Aqaba University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ernr789","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272027"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeinab M Abdelrehim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy , Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences , Aqaba University of Technology , Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy , Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences , Aqaba University of Technology , Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272027"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109828155","display_name":"Jameela Ezzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151270","display_name":"National Heart Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055273664","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151270"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameela Ezzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan. 3bPhysical therapist at national heart institute , Imbaba , Giza , Egypt","Physical Therapist at Dubai homeopathy health center , Jumeirah , UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan. 3bPhysical therapist at national heart institute , Imbaba , Giza , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Therapist at Dubai homeopathy health center , Jumeirah , UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154413","display_name":"University of Sialkot","ror":"https://ror.org/00kg1aq11","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Department of Physical Therapy , University of Sialkot . Pakistan "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Department of Physical Therapy , University of Sialkot . Pakistan ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107550652","display_name":"Tayseer Saber Abdeldayem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-1650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-1650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayseer S. Abdeldayem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Physical Therapy Department for Woman and Child Health , Faculty of Physical Therapy , Beni-Suef University. Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Physical Therapy Department for Woman and Child Health , Faculty of Physical Therapy , Beni-Suef University. Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55031167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"996","last_page":"1006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13986","display_name":"Medical Practices and Rehabilitation","score":0.7085000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13986","display_name":"Medical Practices and Rehabilitation","score":0.7085000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.08139999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioceptive-neuromuscular-facilitation","display_name":"proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-of-motion","display_name":"range of motion","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-rehabilitation","display_name":"neuromuscular rehabilitation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-range-of-motion","display_name":"passive range of motion","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-range-of-motion","display_name":"active range of motion","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171790689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129066","display_name":"Proprioception","level":2,"score":0.7493572235107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.70236736536026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.6813169121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.6654536724090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35619843006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3465508222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3155796229839325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26406896114349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2571178674697876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","pdf_url":"https://seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/download/3801/2495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289660","display_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2197-5248","issn":["2197-5248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ojs1:article/3801","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/view/3801","pdf_url":"https://www.seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/download/3801/2495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289660","display_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2197-5248","issn":["2197-5248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2197-5248","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.3801","pdf_url":"https://seejph.com/index.php/seejph/article/download/3801/2495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289660","display_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"2197-5248","issn":["2197-5248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South Eastern European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412373085.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412373085.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790875572","https://openalex.org/W2107500563","https://openalex.org/W3006660615","https://openalex.org/W7216526971","https://openalex.org/W4415151799","https://openalex.org/W4405542762","https://openalex.org/W2077471167","https://openalex.org/W3171392226","https://openalex.org/W2276091832","https://openalex.org/W7100375026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Proprioceptive":[1],"Neuromuscular":[2,84],"Facilitation":[3],"(PNF)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,58,126],"therapeutic":[7],"approach":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,51,100,200,211,232,237],"rehabilitation":[12],"to":[13,31,36,138,160,193,253,275],"enhance":[14],"range":[15],"of":[16,61,89,115,150],"motion":[17],"(ROM)":[18],"and":[19,26,49,77,91,98,119,141,170,203,220,229,242,268],"muscle":[20,185,209,230],"strength.":[21,120],"By":[22],"combining":[23],"resistance,":[24],"stretching,":[25],"contract-relax":[27],"techniques,":[28],"PNF":[29,42,116,196,222,251],"aims":[30],"stimulate":[32],"the":[33,113,147,164],"neuromuscular":[34],"system":[35],"facilitate":[37],"functional":[38,270],"movement":[39],"patterns.":[40],"While":[41],"has":[43],"shown":[44],"potential":[45],"for":[46,226,257],"improving":[47],"ROM":[48,118,205,228],"strength":[50,210,231],"various":[52,184,233],"patient":[53,266],"populations,":[54],"conflicting":[55],"evidence":[56],"necessitates":[57],"comprehensive":[59],"review":[60],"its":[62],"effectiveness.Method:A":[63],"systematic":[64],"search":[65,155,165],"was":[66,144],"conducted":[67],"using":[68,146],"electronic":[69],"databases,":[70],"including":[71],"PubMed,":[72],"Cochrane,":[73],"Google":[74],"Scholar,":[75],"Medline,":[76],"BioMed":[78],"Central.":[79],"Search":[80],"terms":[81],"included":[82,123],"\"Proprioceptive":[83],"Facilitation,\"":[85],"\"PNF":[86],"techniques,\"":[87],"\"range":[88],"motion,\"":[90],"\"muscle":[92],"strength.\"":[93],"Studies":[94],"published":[95],"between":[96],"2014":[97],"2020":[99],"English":[101],"were":[102,175],"included.":[103],"Inclusion":[104],"criteria":[105,122],"focused":[106],"on":[107,117,128,217],"randomized":[108],"controlled":[109],"trials":[110],"(RCTs)":[111],"examining":[112],"effects":[114],"Exclusion":[121],"studies":[124,179],"lacking":[125],"focus":[127],"these":[129],"outcomes":[130],"or":[131],"without":[132],"control":[133],"groups.":[134],"Data":[135],"extraction":[136],"adhered":[137],"PRISMA":[139],"guidelines,":[140],"quality":[142],"assessment":[143],"performed":[145],"Cochrane":[148],"risk":[149],"bias":[151],"tool.Result:":[152],"The":[153],"initial":[154],"yielded":[156],"15,900":[157],"articles,":[158],"narrowed":[159],"10,900":[161],"upon":[162],"refining":[163],"period.":[166],"After":[167],"applying":[168],"inclusion":[169],"exclusion":[171],"criteria,":[172],"14":[173],"RCTs":[174],"deemed":[176],"eligible.":[177],"These":[178],"involved":[180],"diverse":[181],"interventions":[182,197],"targeting":[183],"groups,":[186],"with":[187,214],"sample":[188],"sizes":[189],"ranging":[190],"from":[191],"9":[192],"40":[194],"participants.":[195],"demonstrated":[198],"improvements":[199],"both":[201],"active":[202],"passive":[204],"as":[206,208,263],"well":[207],"most":[212],"studies,":[213],"variations":[215],"based":[216],"technique,":[218],"intensity,":[219],"duration.Conclusion:":[221],"techniques":[223],"appear":[224],"effective":[225],"enhancing":[227],"populations.":[234],"However,":[235],"heterogeneity":[236],"study":[238],"designs,":[239],"participant":[240],"characteristics,":[241],"intervention":[243],"protocols":[244,252],"limits":[245],"generalizability.":[246],"Future":[247],"research":[248],"should":[249,272],"standardize":[250],"establish":[254],"evidence-based":[255],"guidelines":[256],"clinical":[258],"application.":[259],"Additionally,":[260],"factors":[261],"such":[262],"therapist":[264],"expertise,":[265],"compliance,":[267],"baseline":[269],"status":[271],"be":[273],"considered":[274],"optimize":[276],"outcomes.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}