{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412372918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","title":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report With Contemporary Literature Review and Neuropathological Evidence From Autopsy","display_name":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report With Contemporary Literature Review and Neuropathological Evidence From Autopsy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412372918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40799877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.87832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/387928-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-a-case-report-with-contemporary-literature-review-and-neuropathological-evidence-from-autopsy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/387928-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-a-case-report-with-contemporary-literature-review-and-neuropathological-evidence-from-autopsy.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093083109","display_name":"Liubou Kazacheuskaya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81020160","display_name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport","ror":"https://ror.org/03151rh82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liubou Kazacheuskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118967515","display_name":"Jordan Brzezny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81020160","display_name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport","ror":"https://ror.org/03151rh82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Brzezny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052068521","display_name":"Luis De Alba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089730","display_name":"Willis-Knighton Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00am3vk94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089730"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis De Alba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology, Willis Knighton Health, Shreveport, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology, Willis Knighton Health, Shreveport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113665004","display_name":"Marjorie R Fowler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81020160","display_name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport","ror":"https://ror.org/03151rh82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjorie R Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026224699","display_name":"James G. Traylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-6333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-6333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81020160","display_name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport","ror":"https://ror.org/03151rh82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613","https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James G Traylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81020160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68840861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"e87832","last_page":"e87832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12464","display_name":"Neurological Complications and Syndromes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12464","display_name":"Neurological Complications and Syndromes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11929","display_name":"Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome","display_name":"posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasogenic-cerebral-edema","display_name":"vasogenic cerebral edema","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropathology","display_name":"neuropathology","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter-edema","display_name":"white matter edema","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axonal-swellings","display_name":"axonal swellings","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrinoid-necrosis","display_name":"fibrinoid necrosis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymyositis","display_name":"polymyositis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis","display_name":"anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizures","display_name":"seizures","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iv-immunoglobulin","display_name":"IV immunoglobulin","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rituximab","display_name":"rituximab","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-plasma-exchange","display_name":"plasma exchange","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autopsy-findings","display_name":"autopsy findings","score":0.3190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9568591117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779504383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41482","display_name":"Autopsy","level":2,"score":0.7099111676216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911139526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5114004","display_name":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy","level":5,"score":0.4783567786216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650750","display_name":"Neuropathology","level":3,"score":0.46506574749946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778621155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576349","display_name":"Encephalopathy","level":2,"score":0.41574111580848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4113004505634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.29186922311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.18019834160804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.1489216387271881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.14519676566123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09893882274627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326921","display_name":"Concussion","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.87832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/387928-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-a-case-report-with-contemporary-literature-review-and-neuropathological-evidence-from-autopsy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40799877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40799877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.87832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87832","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/387928-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-a-case-report-with-contemporary-literature-review-and-neuropathological-evidence-from-autopsy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5899999737739563}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412372918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412372918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W838241685","https://openalex.org/W1970210763","https://openalex.org/W2010529152","https://openalex.org/W2031370090","https://openalex.org/W2031720478","https://openalex.org/W2067574208","https://openalex.org/W2079214894","https://openalex.org/W2129087790","https://openalex.org/W2139594424","https://openalex.org/W2150676169","https://openalex.org/W2152160668","https://openalex.org/W2160167384","https://openalex.org/W2326297993","https://openalex.org/W2333729339","https://openalex.org/W2588353633","https://openalex.org/W2960215137","https://openalex.org/W3029767913","https://openalex.org/W3129960126","https://openalex.org/W3203785940","https://openalex.org/W4400959726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122234393","https://openalex.org/W2986670637","https://openalex.org/W2765730264","https://openalex.org/W3102064913","https://openalex.org/W4234369468","https://openalex.org/W2990357199","https://openalex.org/W4407744748","https://openalex.org/W4405662455","https://openalex.org/W2557492632","https://openalex.org/W2051458011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Posterior":[0],"reversible":[1],"encephalopathy":[2],"syndrome":[3],"(PRES)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,39,129,136],"neuro-radiological":[7],"condition":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10],"vasogenic":[11],"edema":[12],"in":[13,24,94,101,106],"the":[14,47,107,214,219],"parieto-occipital":[15],"brain":[16,96],"regions.":[17],"Although":[18],"typically":[19],"reversible,":[20],"some":[21,115],"cases":[22,36],"result":[23],"irreversible":[25,228],"damage,":[26],"particularly":[27],"with":[28,135,143,190],"delayed":[29],"treatment.":[30],"This":[31,125],"study":[32],"reviews":[33],"12":[34],"autopsy-confirmed":[35],"and":[37,60,76,84,114,147,155,164,172,197,204,224,230],"presents":[38],"novel":[40,126],"case,":[41],"emphasizing":[42,218],"neuropathological":[43],"findings":[44,150,188],"that":[45],"challenge":[46],"assumption":[48],"of":[49,119,138,160,175,216,221],"reversibility.":[50],"Common":[51],"pathological":[52],"features":[53],"include":[54,67],"white":[55],"matter":[56],"edema,":[57],"axonal":[58],"swelling,":[59],"fibrinoid":[61],"necrosis.":[62],"Risk":[63],"factors":[64],"for":[65,181],"PRES":[66],"hypertension":[68],"(HTN),":[69],"autoimmune":[70,139],"diseases,":[71],"renal":[72],"failure,":[73],"immunosuppressive":[74],"therapies,":[75],"organ":[77],"transplantation.":[78],"Clinical":[79],"presentations":[80],"range":[81],"from":[82],"headaches":[83],"seizures":[85,171],"to":[86,123,158,226],"coma,":[87],"while":[88],"MRI":[89,187],"often":[90],"shows":[91],"T2":[92],"hyperintensities":[93],"posterior":[95],"regions,":[97],"which":[98,182],"may":[99],"resolve":[100],"follow-up":[102],"imaging.":[103],"Electroencephalogram":[104],"(EEG)":[105],"presented":[108,142],"case":[109,127],"demonstrated":[110],"moderate":[111],"diffuse":[112],"slowing":[113],"focal":[116],"abnormalities,":[117],"suggestive":[118],"cerebral":[120],"dysfunction":[121],"related":[122],"PRES.":[124,191],"involves":[128],"27-year-old":[130],"homeless":[131],"African":[132],"American":[133],"woman":[134],"history":[137],"disease,":[140],"who":[141],"pain,":[144],"weight":[145],"loss,":[146],"weakness.":[148],"Initial":[149],"included":[151],"elevated":[152],"inflammatory":[153],"markers":[154],"antibodies,":[156],"leading":[157],"diagnoses":[159],"polymyositis,":[161],"kidney":[162],"injury,":[163],"pericardial":[165],"effusion.":[166],"During":[167],"hospitalization,":[168],"she":[169,183,200],"experienced":[170,201],"was":[173],"suspected":[174],"having":[176],"anti-NMDA":[177],"(anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate)":[178],"receptor":[179],"encephalitis,":[180],"received":[184],"IV":[185],"immunoglobulins.":[186],"aligned":[189],"Despite":[192],"interventions,":[193],"including":[194],"plasma":[195],"exchange":[196],"rituximab":[198],"therapy,":[199],"cardiac":[202],"arrest":[203],"ultimately":[205],"passed":[206],"away.":[207],"Autopsy":[208],"data":[209],"provides":[210],"crucial":[211],"insights":[212],"into":[213],"progression":[215],"PRES,":[217],"importance":[220],"prompt":[222],"diagnosis":[223],"treatment":[225],"prevent":[227],"damage":[229],"fatal":[231],"complications.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}