{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412372883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","title":"Advancing Seismic Performance: Experimental Behavior of Hybridized Steel-FRP Composite Bars","display_name":"Advancing Seismic Performance: Experimental Behavior of Hybridized Steel-FRP Composite Bars","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412372883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","pdf_url":"https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/5866/1863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/5866/1863","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032477912","display_name":"Mohamed H. Agamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-7035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-7035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed H. Agamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-7035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086690476","display_name":"Ahmed Gouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9182-9829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9182-9829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Gouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039772249","display_name":"Ibrahim T. Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2682-4060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2682-4060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["CA","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim T. Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 3) Department of Civil and Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 3) Department of Civil and Building Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Omar F. Nassar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar F. Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063906602","display_name":"HK Issa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Mohamed EL Said Issa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Construction Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Nile University, Giza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Construction Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Nile University, Giza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073843260","display_name":"Ahmed M. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-786X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-786X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114709","display_name":"Housing and Building National Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03562m240","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114709"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 5) Housing and Building National Research Center-Reinforced Concrete Institute (HBRC), Cairo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University (HU), Cairo 11795, Egypt. 5) Housing and Building National Research Center-Reinforced Concrete Institute (HBRC), Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114709","https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84138093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"2487","last_page":"2505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11352","display_name":"Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-reinforcement","display_name":"hybrid reinforcement","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete-columns","display_name":"reinforced concrete columns","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-performance","display_name":"seismic performance","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-axial-loading","display_name":"cyclic axial loading","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drift-ratio","display_name":"drift ratio","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"ductility","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stirrup-spacing","display_name":"stirrup spacing","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-compression-ratio","display_name":"axial compression ratio","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frp-reinforcement","display_name":"FRP reinforcement","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-reinforcement","display_name":"sustainable reinforcement","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.7651857733726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.7482445240020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6265410780906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48095694184303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4487152397632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3708048462867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34501174092292786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","pdf_url":"https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/5866/1863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-06-018","pdf_url":"https://civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/download/5866/1863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3021962178","display_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2476-3055","issn":["2476-3055","2676-6957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361054262","host_organization_name":"Salehan Institute of Higher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361054262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Salehan Institute of Higher Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412372883.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412372883.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162593275","https://openalex.org/W235857325","https://openalex.org/W1994492539","https://openalex.org/W1995402999","https://openalex.org/W2006047260","https://openalex.org/W2042293671","https://openalex.org/W2212572878","https://openalex.org/W2305111377","https://openalex.org/W3008328238","https://openalex.org/W3017070807","https://openalex.org/W4226343638","https://openalex.org/W4241165444","https://openalex.org/W4253522883","https://openalex.org/W4296510822","https://openalex.org/W4311424205","https://openalex.org/W4322109824","https://openalex.org/W4322491044","https://openalex.org/W4389719411","https://openalex.org/W4393105627","https://openalex.org/W4400613676","https://openalex.org/W4408471473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409564696","https://openalex.org/W4409875646","https://openalex.org/W2548727167","https://openalex.org/W4409723277","https://openalex.org/W7172441412","https://openalex.org/W2058810155","https://openalex.org/W2005168681","https://openalex.org/W4404009178","https://openalex.org/W4247040612","https://openalex.org/W4402760798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,241],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,121,143,182,211,217,237,243,248,264],"structural":[4],"performance":[5,218],"of":[6,138,213,219,250,266],"reinforced":[7,11,105],"concrete":[8,268],"(RC)":[9],"columns":[10,221,253],"with":[12,106,134],"hybrid":[13],"Steel-FRP":[14],"Composite":[15],"Bars":[16],"(SFCBs),":[17],"offering":[18,227],"a":[19,228],"sustainable":[20,231],"alternative":[21],"to":[22,54,140,149,164,177,188,201,215],"conventional":[23],"steel":[24,94],"and":[25,41,51,76,112,158,171,224,230,257],"fiber-reinforced":[26],"polymer":[27],"(FRP)":[28],"reinforcement.":[29],"Eight":[30],"large-scale":[31],"RC":[32,220,252],"columns,":[33,119],"measuring":[34],"400":[35,37],"\u00d7":[36],"mm":[38,43,148,151,200,203],"in":[39,44,222],"cross-section":[40],"1850":[42],"height,":[45],"were":[46,175],"tested":[47],"under":[48,254],"combined":[49,255],"cyclic":[50,256],"axial":[52,70,168,183,258],"loading":[53],"simulate":[55],"seismic":[56,223],"conditions.":[57],"The":[58,85],"experimental":[59],"variables":[60],"included":[61],"SFCB":[62,144],"diameters":[63],"(14":[64],"mm,":[65,67,80,82],"18":[66],"22":[68,150],"mm),":[69],"load":[71,154,169,184],"ratios":[72,116,137,161,170],"(20%,":[73],"30%,":[74],"40%),":[75],"stirrup":[77,173,196],"spacing":[78,174,197],"(80":[79],"100":[81],"150":[83,202],"mm).":[84],"results":[86],"indicate":[87],"that":[88],"SFCBs":[89,107,214],"can":[90],"effectively":[91],"replace":[92],"traditional":[93],"reinforcement,":[95],"providing":[96,260],"comparable":[97],"load-bearing":[98],"capacity":[99,155],"while":[100,194],"significantly":[101],"improving":[102],"durability.":[103],"Columns":[104],"demonstrated":[108],"superior":[109],"initial":[110],"stiffness":[111],"achieved":[113],"higher":[114,167],"drift":[115,136,160],"than":[117],"steel-reinforced":[118],"exceeding":[120],"limits":[122],"set":[123],"by":[124,156,162,192,206],"international":[125],"design":[126,265],"codes":[127],"(ACI":[128],"440.2R,":[129],"CSA":[130],"S806-12,":[131],"Eurocode":[132],"8)":[133],"maximum":[135],"up":[139,163],"6.5%.":[141],"Increasing":[142],"diameter":[145],"from":[146,186,198],"14":[147],"enhanced":[152],"peak":[153],"14%\u201320%":[157],"improved":[159],"113%.":[165],"However,":[166],"wider":[172],"found":[176],"reduce":[178],"ductility.":[179],"Specifically,":[180],"increasing":[181,195],"ratio":[185],"20%":[187],"40%":[189],"decreased":[190],"ductility":[191,205],"13.46%,":[193],"80":[199],"reduced":[204],"8.90%.":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"underscore":[210],"potential":[212],"enhance":[216],"corrosive":[225],"environments,":[226],"durable":[229],"solution":[232],"for":[233,263],"modern":[234],"infrastructure.":[235],"To":[236],"authors'":[238],"knowledge,":[239],"this":[240],"represents":[242],"first":[244],"comprehensive":[245],"investigation":[246],"into":[247],"behavior":[249],"SFCB-reinforced":[251],"loading,":[259],"valuable":[261],"insights":[262],"resilient":[267],"structures.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
