{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412372501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","title":"Engineering Active Sites in Single-Atom Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Strategies and Outlook","display_name":"Engineering Active Sites in Single-Atom Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Strategies and Outlook","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412372501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764414965","display_name":"ACS Energy Letters","issn_l":"2380-8195","issn":["2380-8195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Energy Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066791438","display_name":"Xuanzhao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-8196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-8196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768173","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnz3256","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanzhao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-8196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6150-0087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6150-0087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768173","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnz3256","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6150-0087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041686044","display_name":"Baozhen Yuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768173","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnz3256","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baozhen Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038008417","display_name":"Linan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-4421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-4421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","Washington State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049440736","display_name":"Meikun Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-4115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-4115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78724572","display_name":"Jacksonville State University","ror":"https://ror.org/014wfj781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78724572"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meikun Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry","Jacksonville State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-4115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jacksonville State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78724572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079462468","display_name":"Dan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-4042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-4042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","Washington State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756799","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-8430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-8430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications","State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048251870","display_name":"Wenlei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-993X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-993X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768173","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnz3256","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenlei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768173"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012861155","display_name":"Yuehe Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-7587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-7587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuehe Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","Washington State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-7587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012861155","https://openalex.org/A5048251870","https://openalex.org/A5100756799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531","https://openalex.org/I4391768173","https://openalex.org/I72951846","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94365053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"3763","last_page":"3774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-atom-catalysts","display_name":"single-atom catalysts","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-reduction-reaction","display_name":"oxygen reduction reaction","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site-engineering","display_name":"active site engineering","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-based-electrocatalysts","display_name":"carbon-based electrocatalysts","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site-density","display_name":"active site density","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site-accessibility","display_name":"active site accessibility","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-structure-tuning","display_name":"electronic structure modulation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platinum-group-metal-alternatives","display_name":"platinum group metal alternatives","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocatalyst-synthesis","display_name":"electrocatalyst synthesis","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.8132407069206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994571290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106750579","display_name":"Oxygen reduction reaction","level":4,"score":0.7975285053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6008898019790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993183510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Active oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5594369769096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5578871369361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994492776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen atom","level":3,"score":0.5470205545425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58312451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817200","display_name":"Atom (system on chip)","level":2,"score":0.5379683375358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4421314299106598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992754303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641506","display_name":"Oxygen reduction","level":4,"score":0.4240618944168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37793228030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36743342876434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3664243221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18021047115325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17898601293563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14785316586494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12393662333488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.10745435953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08561095595359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.07202976942062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764414965","display_name":"ACS Energy Letters","issn_l":"2380-8195","issn":["2380-8195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Energy Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2565500496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY221006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3506817943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX(24)3036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309870","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5973513442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RK030STP22001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","funder_display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G609632138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G812647761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22276100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8158750472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22176086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309870","display_name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/0335n2618"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309913","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1168565912","https://openalex.org/W1569308213","https://openalex.org/W2022371352","https://openalex.org/W2032100925","https://openalex.org/W2165571442","https://openalex.org/W2607231338","https://openalex.org/W2742328466","https://openalex.org/W2775139247","https://openalex.org/W2789758237","https://openalex.org/W2803427589","https://openalex.org/W2884659972","https://openalex.org/W2888882000","https://openalex.org/W2895013710","https://openalex.org/W2900826109","https://openalex.org/W2902383476","https://openalex.org/W2903807505","https://openalex.org/W2906521174","https://openalex.org/W2942252505","https://openalex.org/W2947041352","https://openalex.org/W2947103685","https://openalex.org/W2950787027","https://openalex.org/W2951396870","https://openalex.org/W2967328409","https://openalex.org/W2971217758","https://openalex.org/W2976280077","https://openalex.org/W2981831951","https://openalex.org/W2983594540","https://openalex.org/W2989334795","https://openalex.org/W2996203283","https://openalex.org/W3000369366","https://openalex.org/W3004138322","https://openalex.org/W3005451618","https://openalex.org/W3009092772","https://openalex.org/W3009298691","https://openalex.org/W3009317761","https://openalex.org/W3010347562","https://openalex.org/W3016744546","https://openalex.org/W3033926827","https://openalex.org/W3034967233","https://openalex.org/W3037269711","https://openalex.org/W3047265391","https://openalex.org/W3084670703","https://openalex.org/W3095475868","https://openalex.org/W3104540403","https://openalex.org/W3109866176","https://openalex.org/W3111671656","https://openalex.org/W3120185055","https://openalex.org/W3121870306","https://openalex.org/W3127031353","https://openalex.org/W3128082604","https://openalex.org/W3157662026","https://openalex.org/W3163611643","https://openalex.org/W3181112868","https://openalex.org/W3181664939","https://openalex.org/W3181984038","https://openalex.org/W3184920640","https://openalex.org/W3185383183","https://openalex.org/W3192762499","https://openalex.org/W3211236205","https://openalex.org/W3211573917","https://openalex.org/W3217490894","https://openalex.org/W4200230004","https://openalex.org/W4205620697","https://openalex.org/W4210573174","https://openalex.org/W4220953740","https://openalex.org/W4280522431","https://openalex.org/W4281290736","https://openalex.org/W4281382461","https://openalex.org/W4281571248","https://openalex.org/W4281782211","https://openalex.org/W4293435883","https://openalex.org/W4295280556","https://openalex.org/W4307447041","https://openalex.org/W4308314961","https://openalex.org/W4309365528","https://openalex.org/W4309411090","https://openalex.org/W4310723841","https://openalex.org/W4311884485","https://openalex.org/W4312011012","https://openalex.org/W4315629287","https://openalex.org/W4319294625","https://openalex.org/W4319836924","https://openalex.org/W4324131222","https://openalex.org/W4377011807","https://openalex.org/W4380415297","https://openalex.org/W4387395017","https://openalex.org/W4387440865","https://openalex.org/W4387563399","https://openalex.org/W4387728383","https://openalex.org/W4389517421","https://openalex.org/W4390457911","https://openalex.org/W4390732511","https://openalex.org/W4391851987","https://openalex.org/W4392201277","https://openalex.org/W4392477163","https://openalex.org/W4392751081","https://openalex.org/W4393277510","https://openalex.org/W4393859631","https://openalex.org/W4394684974","https://openalex.org/W4394862275","https://openalex.org/W4399432442","https://openalex.org/W4401427941","https://openalex.org/W4401715544","https://openalex.org/W4402555815","https://openalex.org/W4403251824","https://openalex.org/W4407386277","https://openalex.org/W4407948812","https://openalex.org/W4409791038","https://openalex.org/W4411024757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403050187","https://openalex.org/W3202290327","https://openalex.org/W2271411338","https://openalex.org/W2897256111","https://openalex.org/W4405588768","https://openalex.org/W2469542709","https://openalex.org/W2037065963","https://openalex.org/W4411493899","https://openalex.org/W2969975720","https://openalex.org/W3212734631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon-based":[0],"single-atom":[1],"catalysts":[2],"(SACs)":[3],"combine":[4],"the":[5,52,71,77,91,112,136,145],"advantages":[6],"of":[7,56,74,95,102,115],"atomic":[8],"efficiency":[9],"and":[10,37,59,127,131,139],"unique":[11],"electronic":[12,125],"configuration,":[13],"making":[14],"them":[15],"promising":[16],"candidates":[17],"for":[18,76,141],"next-generation":[19],"oxygen":[20],"reduction":[21],"reaction":[22],"(ORR)":[23],"catalysts.":[24,40],"Despite":[25],"their":[26,61],"notable":[27],"catalytic":[28],"properties,":[29],"a":[30,80],"performance":[31,73],"gap":[32],"still":[33],"exists":[34],"between":[35],"SACs":[36,75,143],"platinum-group-metal":[38],"(PGM)":[39],"Generally,":[41],"two":[42],"primary":[43],"strategies":[44,109],"are":[45],"employed":[46],"to":[47,69,89,110],"develop":[48],"high-performance":[49],"SACs:":[50],"increasing":[51],"density":[53],"or":[54,93],"accessibility":[55,94],"active":[57,83,96],"sites":[58,97,117],"enhancing":[60],"intrinsic":[62,113],"activity.":[63],"This":[64],"Perspective":[65],"examines":[66],"various":[67],"approaches":[68],"improve":[70],"electrocatalytic":[72],"ORR,":[78],"with":[79,99],"focus":[81],"on":[82],"site":[84],"engineering.":[85],"We":[86],"discuss":[87],"methods":[88],"increase":[90],"number":[92],"along":[98],"an":[100],"overview":[101],"key":[103],"synthesis":[104],"techniques.":[105],"Additionally,":[106],"we":[107,134],"explore":[108],"boost":[111],"activity":[114],"these":[116],"such":[118],"as":[119],"incorporating":[120],"synergistic":[121],"elements":[122],"that":[123],"modulate":[124],"structures":[126],"optimize":[128],"intermediate":[129],"adsorption":[130],"desorption.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"highlight":[135],"remaining":[137],"challenges":[138],"prospects":[140],"advancing":[142],"in":[144],"ORR":[146],"applications.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
