{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412372062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287","title":"Projections of Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Along an Elevation Gradient at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA","display_name":"Projections of Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Along an Elevation Gradient at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412372062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ppp.2287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192927201","display_name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","issn_l":"1045-6740","issn":["1045-6740","1099-1530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077144541","display_name":"Michael Rush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-7248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-7248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.\u00a0J. Rush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-7248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008771928","display_name":"Harihar Rajaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-358X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-358X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Rajaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077144541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09894009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"641","last_page":"663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"permafrost","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonally-frozen-ground","display_name":"seasonally frozen ground","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-thermal-regime","display_name":"ground thermal regime","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"snowpack","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-projections","display_name":"climate change projections","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-layer-thickness","display_name":"active layer thickness","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-cracking","display_name":"frost cracking","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-respiration","display_name":"microbial respiration","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpine-catchments","display_name":"alpine catchments","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niwot-ridge","display_name":"Niwot Ridge","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-range","display_name":"Front Range","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-gradient","display_name":"elevation gradient","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.9654240608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7939997911453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.7646625638008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.6913611888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.4330996870994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3474322557449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.32717370986938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2610092759132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.1720713973045349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11021637916564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06363824009895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.05707806348800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ppp.2287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192927201","display_name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","issn_l":"1045-6740","issn":["1045-6740","1099-1530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7259207849","display_name":"Boulder Creek CZO II:  Evolution, Form, Function, and Future of the Critical Zone","funder_award_id":"1331828","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29026654","https://openalex.org/W38848740","https://openalex.org/W61553171","https://openalex.org/W68350929","https://openalex.org/W179667526","https://openalex.org/W206063653","https://openalex.org/W223120834","https://openalex.org/W1506817349","https://openalex.org/W1509112216","https://openalex.org/W1526446280","https://openalex.org/W1554527897","https://openalex.org/W1591718911","https://openalex.org/W1608212791","https://openalex.org/W1748672491","https://openalex.org/W1763956387","https://openalex.org/W1818539119","https://openalex.org/W1822086910","https://openalex.org/W1901878304","https://openalex.org/W1964226953","https://openalex.org/W1964674336","https://openalex.org/W1968277074","https://openalex.org/W1975553080","https://openalex.org/W1978391105","https://openalex.org/W1989165454","https://openalex.org/W1990224645","https://openalex.org/W1994529116","https://openalex.org/W1994760400","https://openalex.org/W1999316699","https://openalex.org/W2001356302","https://openalex.org/W2003401598","https://openalex.org/W2004126303","https://openalex.org/W2007851974","https://openalex.org/W2014061965","https://openalex.org/W2016917133","https://openalex.org/W2017422611","https://openalex.org/W2019843387","https://openalex.org/W2020160277","https://openalex.org/W2020858585","https://openalex.org/W2022658615","https://openalex.org/W2023787697","https://openalex.org/W2024941759","https://openalex.org/W2025216475","https://openalex.org/W2033054846","https://openalex.org/W2033345893","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2035009800","https://openalex.org/W2036680794","https://openalex.org/W2039426951","https://openalex.org/W2042696262","https://openalex.org/W2043644850","https://openalex.org/W2044136956","https://openalex.org/W2044601137","https://openalex.org/W2045486703","https://openalex.org/W2045664097","https://openalex.org/W2045934768","https://openalex.org/W2046209139","https://openalex.org/W2047600172","https://openalex.org/W2047622094","https://openalex.org/W2051575490","https://openalex.org/W2054980175","https://openalex.org/W2056612886","https://openalex.org/W2057424406","https://openalex.org/W2060405373","https://openalex.org/W2067339912","https://openalex.org/W2069999757","https://openalex.org/W2070993205","https://openalex.org/W2072057693","https://openalex.org/W2074738924","https://openalex.org/W2078290065","https://openalex.org/W2082116023","https://openalex.org/W2083804530","https://openalex.org/W2088211889","https://openalex.org/W2091818547","https://openalex.org/W2095436463","https://openalex.org/W2099508010","https://openalex.org/W2103414794","https://openalex.org/W2106150687","https://openalex.org/W2109877018","https://openalex.org/W2110301143","https://openalex.org/W2114702286","https://openalex.org/W2115205695","https://openalex.org/W2117217770","https://openalex.org/W2127774239","https://openalex.org/W2132033894","https://openalex.org/W2134032857","https://openalex.org/W2137198566","https://openalex.org/W2141453534","https://openalex.org/W2145339820","https://openalex.org/W2146260861","https://openalex.org/W2148569138","https://openalex.org/W2153716817","https://openalex.org/W2157026492","https://openalex.org/W2165112485","https://openalex.org/W2170740637","https://openalex.org/W2171438125","https://openalex.org/W2173312355","https://openalex.org/W2179928345","https://openalex.org/W2235552342","https://openalex.org/W2254518750","https://openalex.org/W2281287070","https://openalex.org/W2312458292","https://openalex.org/W2323916730","https://openalex.org/W2432405417","https://openalex.org/W2471465880","https://openalex.org/W2516236395","https://openalex.org/W2516773419","https://openalex.org/W2518355105","https://openalex.org/W2574794549","https://openalex.org/W2793033002","https://openalex.org/W2795957137","https://openalex.org/W2807229972","https://openalex.org/W3001320690","https://openalex.org/W3183996327","https://openalex.org/W4233085626","https://openalex.org/W4236228794","https://openalex.org/W4238952912","https://openalex.org/W4241837466","https://openalex.org/W4252336069","https://openalex.org/W4296558752","https://openalex.org/W4386211822","https://openalex.org/W6901776209","https://openalex.org/W6901811397","https://openalex.org/W6901921660","https://openalex.org/W6920408113","https://openalex.org/W6947885674","https://openalex.org/W6976782426","https://openalex.org/W6976802840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982366144","https://openalex.org/W1824336683","https://openalex.org/W2900526884","https://openalex.org/W1975043628","https://openalex.org/W2013446732","https://openalex.org/W2092762917","https://openalex.org/W4289313430","https://openalex.org/W3105529032","https://openalex.org/W2471266815","https://openalex.org/W4405856535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,215],"intensity,":[2],"duration,":[3],"and":[4,16,45,57,119,133,207],"spatial":[5],"distribution":[6],"of":[7,34,71,143,153,159,180,192,212],"frozen":[8,41,83,131,145],"soil":[9,14,51,218,232],"influences":[10],"hydrologic":[11],"flow":[12],"paths,":[13],"biogeochemistry,":[15],"slope":[17],"geomorphology.":[18],"In":[19,89,141],"cold":[20,121],"regions,":[21],"where":[22],"the":[23,30,35,69,72,125,138,147,157,160,165,178,190,221,235],"ground":[24,42,58,84,126,132],"thermal":[25,127],"regime":[26],"is":[27,43,170,226,239],"controlled":[28],"by":[29,156,210],"seasonal":[31],"snowpack,":[32],"representation":[33],"snowpack":[36,120],"in":[37,50,68,113,135,177,245],"models":[38],"simulating":[39],"seasonally":[40,64,130,144],"required":[44],"leads":[46],"to":[47,98,137,172,174,241,243],"significant":[48],"improvements":[49],"temperature":[52,59],"estimates.":[53],"With":[54],"long\u2010term":[55],"climate":[56],"observations,":[60],"Niwot":[61,106],"Ridge,":[62],"a":[63,86,94],"snow\u2010covered":[65],"alpine":[66],"catchment":[67],"headwaters":[70],"Boulder":[73],"Creek":[74],"watershed,":[75],"serves":[76],"as":[77],"an":[78,175],"ideal":[79],"location":[80],"for":[81,183],"analyzing":[82],"under":[85],"changing":[87],"climate.":[88],"this":[90],"study,":[91],"we":[92],"use":[93],"coupled":[95],"thermo\u2010hydrologic":[96],"model":[97,148],"provide":[99],"novel":[100],"perspectives":[101],"on":[102],"cryosphere":[103],"research":[104],"at":[105],"Ridge.":[107],"We":[108],"project":[109],"how":[110],"end\u2010of\u201021st\u2010century":[111],"changes":[112],"Front":[114],"Range":[115],"air":[116],"temperature,":[117],"snowfall,":[118],"content":[122],"will":[123],"influence":[124],"regime,":[128],"including":[129],"permafrost,":[134],"comparison":[136],"1952\u20131970":[139,166],"period.":[140],"projections":[142],"ground,":[146],"predicts":[149],"two":[150],"additional":[151],"months":[152],"unfrozen":[154],"soils":[155],"end":[158,211],"21st":[161,213],"century":[162],"compared":[163,228],"with":[164,197,229],"time":[167],"period,":[168],"which":[169,238],"expected":[171,240],"lead":[173,242],"increase":[176],"number":[179],"days":[181],"favorable":[182],"microbial":[184],"respiration.":[185],"Our":[186],"permafrost":[187,193],"analysis":[188],"supports":[189],"occurrence":[191],"above":[194],"3800":[195],"m":[196,202,205,209],"active":[198],"layer":[199],"thickness":[200],"1.8":[201],"(1952\u20131970),":[203],"2.2":[204],"(2001\u20132013),":[206],"38":[208],"century.":[214],"simulated":[216],"deep":[217,231],"thaw":[219,233],"over":[220],"last":[222],"several":[223],"decades":[224],"(1970\u20132020)":[225],"small":[227],"projected":[230],"through":[234],"current":[236],"century,":[237],"reductions":[244],"frost":[246],"cracking.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}