{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412371335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","title":"Bridging Risk Ethics and Sustainability: A Data-Driven Study of Ethical Leadership Practices in Risky Business Environments","display_name":"Bridging Risk Ethics and Sustainability: A Data-Driven Study of Ethical Leadership Practices in Risky Business Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412371335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","pdf_url":"https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/BEL_2_2025_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216338","display_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","issn_l":"2520-6311","issn":["2520-6311","2520-6761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322434","host_organization_name":"Sumy State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sumy State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/BEL_2_2025_16.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029936517","display_name":"Olha V. Prokopenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-478X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-478X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-668X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129913772","display_name":"Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02d12kw26","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129913772"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olha Prokopenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., Dr. Sc., Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-478X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Dr. Sc., Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129913772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010970773","display_name":"Marina J\u00e4rvis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-4632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-4632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129913772","display_name":"Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02d12kw26","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129913772"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina J\u00e4rvis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia","Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia","Ph.D., Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-4632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146","https://openalex.org/I3129913772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129913772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118966614","display_name":"Nelli H. Shahnazaryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-6832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-6832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I260099557","display_name":"Armenian State University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6gz331","country_code":"AM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I260099557"]}],"countries":["AM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelly Shahnazaryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., Associate Professor, Armenian State University of Economics, Armenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Associate Professor, Armenian State University of Economics, Armenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260099557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022622005","display_name":"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043b\u044c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-5574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-5574","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-5259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Chechel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Sc., Professor, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK; Jesus College, University of Cambridge, UK","Jesus College, University of Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-5574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Sc., Professor, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK; Jesus College, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jesus College, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052368135","display_name":"Aleksander Sapi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-2387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-2387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113987","display_name":"Bielsko-Biala University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031j7r736","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113987"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksander Sapi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., Bielsko-Bia\u0142a University of Applied Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-2387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Bielsko-Bia\u0142a University of Applied Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007697891","display_name":"Liudmyla Batsenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-4448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-4448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888641300","display_name":"Royal Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/033byn085","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888641300"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liudmyla Batsenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., Royal Agricultural University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-4448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., Royal Agricultural University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888641300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"UAH","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7375,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9788503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"211","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13616","display_name":"Governance, Compliance, and Sustainability","score":0.22779999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13616","display_name":"Governance, Compliance, and Sustainability","score":0.22779999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14453","display_name":"Sustainability and Innovation in Business","score":0.13529999554157257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-leadership","display_name":"ethical leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability-performance","display_name":"sustainability performance","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-risk","display_name":"business risk","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-quality","display_name":"governance quality","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-system","display_name":"education system","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-maturity","display_name":"institutional maturity","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-economies","display_name":"transition economies","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-performance","display_name":"environmental performance","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolitical-tensions","display_name":"geopolitical tensions","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-training","display_name":"leadership training","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.8001562356948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.654343843460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.5827662944793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157298493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403411","display_name":"Ethical leadership","level":2,"score":0.5810121893882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.46156400442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3808198869228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3750568926334381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3626744747161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2789798378944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12505275011062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1163194477558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","pdf_url":"https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/BEL_2_2025_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216338","display_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","issn_l":"2520-6311","issn":["2520-6311","2520-6761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322434","host_organization_name":"Sumy State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sumy State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7600c8139735428a93751fa88b880364","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7600c8139735428a93751fa88b880364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 211-224 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.9(2).211-224.2025","pdf_url":"https://armgpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/BEL_2_2025_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216338","display_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","issn_l":"2520-6311","issn":["2520-6311","2520-6761"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322434","host_organization_name":"Sumy State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sumy State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412371335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412371335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810987755","https://openalex.org/W2932343421","https://openalex.org/W2998778397","https://openalex.org/W3008598632","https://openalex.org/W3013871657","https://openalex.org/W3039887631","https://openalex.org/W3125062769","https://openalex.org/W3162505721","https://openalex.org/W3202126416","https://openalex.org/W3214344162","https://openalex.org/W4211121271","https://openalex.org/W4224437028","https://openalex.org/W4225117048","https://openalex.org/W4229071594","https://openalex.org/W4313656873","https://openalex.org/W4320729535","https://openalex.org/W4391648973","https://openalex.org/W4392644263","https://openalex.org/W4394696256","https://openalex.org/W4394696263","https://openalex.org/W4395069241","https://openalex.org/W4396773305","https://openalex.org/W4399037685","https://openalex.org/W4401397728","https://openalex.org/W4402487548","https://openalex.org/W4402695109","https://openalex.org/W4404186156","https://openalex.org/W4405584722","https://openalex.org/W4405724623","https://openalex.org/W4405831268","https://openalex.org/W4406073976","https://openalex.org/W4406102519","https://openalex.org/W4407497745","https://openalex.org/W4407752751","https://openalex.org/W4408622847","https://openalex.org/W4409243430","https://openalex.org/W4409506102","https://openalex.org/W4409506585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408719353","https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W1976956842","https://openalex.org/W2030714210","https://openalex.org/W2210139803","https://openalex.org/W4235186151","https://openalex.org/W1557181060","https://openalex.org/W2464525785","https://openalex.org/W2103024786","https://openalex.org/W1992433044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,151],"paper":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,8,28,42,81,103,115,124,129,153,169,174,186,218,240],"increasing":[4],"demand":[5],"to":[6,25,184,196,209,222,226],"recognize":[7],"role":[9],"of":[10,80,86,107,117,206,220,242],"ethical":[11,31,137,156,178],"leadership":[12,32,138,157,179,234],"in":[13,37,73,149,161,165,233,239,249],"sustainability":[14,35,160,190],"performance":[15,36],"under":[16],"high-risk":[17,162],"and":[18,34,46,50,65,68,75,95,119,133,139,145,168,180,213,246],"multi-dimensional":[19],"business":[20,182],"conditions.":[21],"The":[22,52,78,99,201],"research":[23,130,202],"aims":[24],"examine":[26],"empirically":[27],"connection":[29],"between":[30,48,136],"behaviors":[33],"five":[38],"countries":[39,53,175,194],"(Estonia,":[40],"Armenia,":[41],"United":[43,170],"Kingdom,":[44],"Germany,":[45],"Poland)":[47],"2022":[49],"2024.":[51],"have":[54,59,185,197],"been":[55],"chosen":[56],"because":[57],"they":[58],"varying":[60],"risk":[61,183],"profiles,":[62],"institutional":[63,243],"maturity,":[64],"educational":[66],"capacities":[67],"make":[69],"an":[70,224],"adequate":[71],"comparison":[72],"developed":[74],"transitional":[76,250],"economies.":[77,251],"timeframe":[79],"study":[82,100],"reflects":[83],"a":[84],"period":[85],"increased":[87],"vulnerability":[88],"caused":[89],"by":[90],"geopolitical":[91],"tensions,":[92],"economic":[93],"disruptions,":[94],"shifting":[96],"governance":[97,144],"structures.":[98],"relies":[101],"on":[102],"secondary":[104],"statistical":[105],"data":[106],"globally":[108],"reputable":[109],"databases,":[110],"such":[111],"as":[112,236,238],"environmental":[113],"performance,":[114],"quality":[116],"governance,":[118],"socio-economic":[120],"development":[121],"variables.":[122],"Through":[123],"panel":[125],"fixed":[126],"effects":[127],"regressions,":[128],"finds":[131],"positive":[132],"significant":[134],"associations":[135],"sustainability,":[140],"especially":[141],"when":[142],"good":[143],"education":[146],"systems":[147],"are":[148],"place.":[150],"confirms":[152],"hypothesis":[154],"that":[155],"positively":[158],"affects":[159],"environments.":[163],"Case":[164],"point,":[166],"Germany":[167],"Kingdom":[171],"were":[172],"among":[173],"with":[176],"high":[177,189],"low":[181],"most":[187],"consistently":[188],"scores,":[191],"whereas":[192],"transition":[193],"tended":[195],"more":[198],"mixed":[199],"performance.":[200],"results":[203],"can":[204,216,230],"be":[205,231],"practical":[207],"use":[208],"policymakers,":[210],"corporate":[211],"planners,":[212],"educators":[214],"who":[215],"enhance":[217],"morality":[219],"leaders":[221],"pursue":[223],"avenue":[225],"sustainability.":[227],"Such":[228],"findings":[229],"used":[232],"training":[235],"well":[237],"identification":[241],"reform":[244],"strategies":[245],"risk-sensitive":[247],"policies":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}