{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412175173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9","title":"A Review of the Use of Existing Vaccines as a First Line of Defense in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic","display_name":"A Review of the Use of Existing Vaccines as a First Line of Defense in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412175173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781032725826-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Repurposing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412174194","display_name":"Drug Repurposing"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082688963","display_name":"Alberto Rubio\u2010Casillas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-5107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-5107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Rubio-Casillas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083199032","display_name":"Vladimir Nikolaevich Uversky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-5857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-5857"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir N. Uversky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027796660","display_name":"Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elrashdy M. Redwan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29179567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.4587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-repurposing","display_name":"vaccine repurposing","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-polio-vaccine","display_name":"oral polio vaccine","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-vaccine","display_name":"BCG vaccine","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterologous-immunity","display_name":"heterologous immunity","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-evasion","display_name":"immune evasion","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymus","display_name":"thymus","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow","display_name":"bone marrow","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-and-adaptive-immunity","display_name":"innate and adaptive immunity","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-induced-immune-response","display_name":"vaccine-induced immune response","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7538535594940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6200288534164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6133683919906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5668478608131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.4657156467437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41784483194351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.06740051507949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.048297375440597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.03982028365135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.033466845750808716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781032725826-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032725826-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Repurposing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034174780","https://openalex.org/W3198060105","https://openalex.org/W3049211471","https://openalex.org/W3081014239","https://openalex.org/W1997725126","https://openalex.org/W3093453325","https://openalex.org/W3186020418","https://openalex.org/W3165988868","https://openalex.org/W3087985372","https://openalex.org/W3103882803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vaccine":[0,110],"repurposing":[1],"refers":[2],"to":[3,18,88,127,143],"the":[4,45,83,101,107,152,166,170,196],"practice":[5],"of":[6,85,103,198],"using":[7],"existing":[8,86],"vaccines,":[9,47],"which":[10],"were":[11],"originally":[12],"developed":[13,135],"for":[14,30],"a":[15,33,49,156],"specific":[16,50],"disease,":[17],"protect":[19],"against":[20,52,92],"or":[21],"treat":[22],"other":[23],"diseases.":[24],"This":[25,64],"approach":[26],"can":[27],"save":[28],"time,":[29],"example,":[31],"if":[32],"new":[34,40],"pandemic":[35],"virus":[36,160],"appears.":[37],"Even":[38],"with":[39,116],"vaccine":[41,51,77],"platforms":[42],"such":[43,105,188],"as":[44,106,189],"mRNA":[46],"developing":[48],"SARS-CoV-2":[53,133],"took":[54],"1":[55],"year.":[56],"Three":[57],"million":[58],"people":[59],"died":[60],"in":[61],"that":[62,151,175],"time.":[63],"time":[65],"window":[66],"is":[67,78,155,173,185],"critical,":[68],"and":[69,112,119,138,147,169,181,191,200],"mortality":[70,120,201],"must":[71],"be":[72],"reduced":[73,117],"while":[74],"an":[75,98],"effective":[76],"produced.":[79],"Researchers":[80],"have":[81],"investigated":[82],"potential":[84],"vaccines":[87,104,187],"elicit":[89],"immune":[90,145,164,183],"responses":[91],"SARS-COV-2.":[93],"Although":[94],"several":[95],"studies":[96],"found":[97],"association":[99,124],"between":[100],"use":[102],"Oral":[108],"Polio":[109],"(OPV)":[111],"Bacillus":[113],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin":[114],"(BCG)":[115],"morbidity":[118],"from":[121,202],"COVID-19,":[122],"this":[123,176],"was":[125],"insufficient":[126],"establish":[128],"causality.":[129],"Through":[130],"natural":[131],"selection,":[132],"has":[134],"sophisticated":[136],"attack":[137,178],"evasion":[139],"techniques,":[140],"enabling":[141],"it":[142],"escape":[144],"surveillance":[146],"destruction,":[148],"thereby":[149],"demonstrating":[150],"best":[153],"defense":[154],"potent":[157],"offense.":[158],"The":[159],"sabotages":[161],"two":[162],"important":[163],"organs:":[165],"bone":[167],"marrow":[168],"thymus.":[171],"It":[172],"proposed":[174],"accurate":[177],"(inhibiting":[179],"innate":[180],"adaptive":[182],"training)":[184],"why":[186],"OPV":[190],"BCG":[192],"could":[193],"not":[194],"reduce":[195],"severity":[197],"infection":[199],"COVID-19.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
