{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411979893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","title":"AromaCanvas: A wearable olfactory display for Chinese painting appreciation and learning in virtual reality","display_name":"AromaCanvas: A wearable olfactory display for Chinese painting appreciation and learning in virtual reality","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411979893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283679","display_name":"Computers & Education X Reality","issn_l":"2949-6780","issn":["2949-6780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Education: X Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5743-0426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5743-0426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5743-0426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118802367","display_name":"Quanhao Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3753-8747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3753-8747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanhao Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121868820","display_name":"Fuxi Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8618-8070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8618-8070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuxi Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8618-8070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005276789","display_name":"Yiming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6028-2746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6028-2746","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8260-4233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044105477","display_name":"Yushan Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-3937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-3937","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7092-0187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-3937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091351580","display_name":"Yushi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-5605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-5605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023417532","display_name":"Shaoyu Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-3442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-3442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyu Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-3442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005276789","https://openalex.org/A5023417532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.3192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96155141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"100109","last_page":"100109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-display","display_name":"olfactory display","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"virtual reality","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-education","display_name":"art education","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-transducers","display_name":"piezoelectric transducers","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aroma-perception","display_name":"aroma perception","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-interaction","display_name":"gesture-based interaction","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-presence","display_name":"presence","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-art-experience","display_name":"immersive art experience","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6758280992507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5768404006958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5603724718093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.4873576760292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46897491812705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.4229952394962311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.379339337348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.370327889919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.3567884564399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3467501699924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.32676929235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283679","display_name":"Computers & Education X Reality","issn_l":"2949-6780","issn":["2949-6780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Education: X Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cabd32bef74946efbc55149a5fee33be","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cabd32bef74946efbc55149a5fee33be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education: X Reality, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100109- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2025.100109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283679","display_name":"Computers & Education X Reality","issn_l":"2949-6780","issn":["2949-6780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Education: X Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410954","https://openalex.org/W1597000452","https://openalex.org/W1931788555","https://openalex.org/W2031299703","https://openalex.org/W2035704937","https://openalex.org/W2036195562","https://openalex.org/W2041154968","https://openalex.org/W2064414926","https://openalex.org/W2073448283","https://openalex.org/W2077235857","https://openalex.org/W2100134018","https://openalex.org/W2114690500","https://openalex.org/W2138715303","https://openalex.org/W2144120361","https://openalex.org/W2152941631","https://openalex.org/W2154396706","https://openalex.org/W2158230759","https://openalex.org/W2159289603","https://openalex.org/W2347130340","https://openalex.org/W2441683003","https://openalex.org/W2523333961","https://openalex.org/W2564556907","https://openalex.org/W2592481749","https://openalex.org/W2599643693","https://openalex.org/W2613919414","https://openalex.org/W2615704685","https://openalex.org/W2782248520","https://openalex.org/W2789559006","https://openalex.org/W2793296791","https://openalex.org/W2802070785","https://openalex.org/W2902521861","https://openalex.org/W2914783728","https://openalex.org/W2980082371","https://openalex.org/W2988023923","https://openalex.org/W3007428145","https://openalex.org/W3033899205","https://openalex.org/W3047117878","https://openalex.org/W3089273634","https://openalex.org/W3118702009","https://openalex.org/W3135805132","https://openalex.org/W3201750716","https://openalex.org/W3202454134","https://openalex.org/W3210832669","https://openalex.org/W4205337489","https://openalex.org/W4233587105","https://openalex.org/W4237116946","https://openalex.org/W4238018550","https://openalex.org/W4243622060","https://openalex.org/W4249889023","https://openalex.org/W4253032301","https://openalex.org/W4254574184","https://openalex.org/W4294982805","https://openalex.org/W4295923221","https://openalex.org/W4312368985","https://openalex.org/W4312436811","https://openalex.org/W4378882789","https://openalex.org/W4387369086","https://openalex.org/W4389296481","https://openalex.org/W4389317941","https://openalex.org/W4389677595","https://openalex.org/W4391480335","https://openalex.org/W4394825390","https://openalex.org/W4394994976","https://openalex.org/W4399284007","https://openalex.org/W4401213605","https://openalex.org/W4402215250","https://openalex.org/W4408934879","https://openalex.org/W4409762573","https://openalex.org/W6639306406","https://openalex.org/W6868872209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399265244","https://openalex.org/W4387446377","https://openalex.org/W4295923221","https://openalex.org/W7108708058","https://openalex.org/W2131647620","https://openalex.org/W4391679444","https://openalex.org/W7165361755","https://openalex.org/W4396927155","https://openalex.org/W4391965216","https://openalex.org/W6944248967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"AromaCanvas,":[5],"a":[6,30,71],"wearable":[7],"olfactory":[8,95],"display":[9],"designed":[10],"to":[11,63,84,131],"enhance":[12],"immersive":[13,73],"appreciation":[14],"and":[15,74,113,146,157,162],"exploration":[16],"of":[17,154,160],"Chinese":[18,51,165],"paintings":[19,52,166],"in":[20,90,167],"virtual":[21,91],"reality":[22],"(VR).":[23],"AromaCanvas":[24,133,149],"integrates":[25],"two":[26,81],"piezoelectric-based":[27,117],"transducers":[28],"into":[29],"vest,":[31],"enabling":[32],"scent":[33,114,123],"delivery":[34],"around":[35],"the":[36,108,135,143,170],"user's":[37],"shoulders":[38],"with":[39,50],"controllable":[40],"intensities":[41],"activated":[42],"through":[43],"finger":[44],"gesture":[45],"interactions.":[46],"Users":[47],"can":[48],"engage":[49],"by":[53],"pointing":[54],"at":[55,67],"different":[56,104],"elements,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"woods":[60],"or":[61],"flowers,":[62],"trigger":[64],"corresponding":[65],"scents":[66,89],"varying":[68],"intensities,":[69,112],"creating":[70],"highly":[72],"engaging":[75],"VR":[76,144,172],"art":[77],"experience.":[78],"We":[79],"conducted":[80],"user-perception":[82],"experiments":[83],"investigate":[85],"how":[86],"users":[87],"perceive":[88],"environments":[92],"using":[93,116],"our":[94],"system.":[96,173],"The":[97,139],"first":[98],"experiment":[99,141],"explored":[100],"human":[101],"perception":[102],"under":[103],"actuation":[105],"factors,":[106,128],"including":[107],"actuator":[109],"distances,":[110],"actuated":[111],"types,":[115],"transducers.":[118],"Results":[119],"revealed":[120],"that":[121,148],"perceived":[122],"intensity":[124],"varied":[125],"across":[126],"these":[127],"allowing":[129],"us":[130],"optimize":[132],"for":[134],"most":[136],"energy-efficient":[137],"design.":[138],"second":[140],"evaluated":[142],"experience":[145,159],"demonstrated":[147],"significantly":[150],"enhanced":[151],"users'":[152],"sense":[153],"presence,":[155],"usability,":[156],"overall":[158],"appreciating":[161],"learning":[163],"about":[164],"VR,":[168],"outperforming":[169],"conventional":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
