{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411960504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","title":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411960504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","pdf_url":"https://ashurjournal.com/index.php/AJLPS/article/download/22/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042946","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"3005-3269","issn":["3005-3269","3005-530X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ashurjournal.com/index.php/AJLPS/article/download/22/12","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126927170","display_name":"\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0645.\u062f. \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a  *","raw_affiliation_strings":["* \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"* \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126927170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17773897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"262","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11163","display_name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11163","display_name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-liability","display_name":"civil liability","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-transplantation","display_name":"organ transplantation","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-trafficking","display_name":"organ trafficking","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-donation","display_name":"organ donation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-donations","display_name":"voluntary donations","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egypt","display_name":"Egypt","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2667385935783386}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","pdf_url":"https://ashurjournal.com/index.php/AJLPS/article/download/22/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042946","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"3005-3269","issn":["3005-3269","3005-530X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64184/ajlps.v2.i1.y2025.p262-298.22","pdf_url":"https://ashurjournal.com/index.php/AJLPS/article/download/22/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042946","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"3005-3269","issn":["3005-3269","3005-530X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411960504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411960504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409243251","https://openalex.org/W4399173340","https://openalex.org/W7220902505","https://openalex.org/W4399167822","https://openalex.org/W7135249608","https://openalex.org/W4411878925","https://openalex.org/W4408217579","https://openalex.org/W7063144293","https://openalex.org/W6988503196","https://openalex.org/W4385465094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0641":[1,54,133],"\u0641\u064a":[2,55,71,78,113,134,150],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621":[3,56,135],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[4],"\u0645\u0646":[5,62,137,152],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[7,20],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0642\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629":[8],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[9],"\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631":[10],"\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627":[11],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061b":[12],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627":[13],"\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0627":[14],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[15,33,76,140,161],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631":[16,162],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651":[17,163],"\u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a":[18,164],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[19],"\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.":[21],"\u0648\u0645\u0639":[22],"\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u064f\u062f":[23],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629":[24,63],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[25,45,64],"\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c":[27],"\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0652":[28],"\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064c":[29],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064c":[30],"\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642":[31],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642":[32],"\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644":[34],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a":[35,110],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0639":[36,118],"\u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631":[38,102,153],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[39,154],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c":[40,155],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[41],"\u0645\u0627":[42],"\u062f\u0641\u0639":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646":[44],"\u0648\u0636\u0639":[46],"\u0623\u064f\u0637\u064f\u0631\u064d":[47],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d":[48],"\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[50,129],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[51,130],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629":[52,131],"\u0639\u0646":[53,132],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.":[57],"\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064f\u0639":[58],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[59],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[60,66,81,125,148],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[61],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0637\u064f\u0631":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c":[68],"\u0644\u0627":[69],"\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0627":[70],"\u0638\u0644\u0650\u0651":[72],"\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0639":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0650\u0651":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[77],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0644":[79],"\u0645\u0639":[80,105,143],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629.":[82],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[83,145],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0650\u0651\u060c":[85],"\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0649":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064f":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064f\u0651":[88],"\u0631\u0642\u0645":[89,95],"11":[90],"\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629":[91,97],"2016\u060c":[92],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064f":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064f\u0651":[94],"5":[96],"2010":[98],"\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627":[99],"\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u064b":[100],"\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631":[101],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c":[104,136],"\u0648\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0639":[106],"\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064d":[107],"\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u064d":[108],"\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645":[109],"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639\u060c":[111],"\u0628\u0645\u0627":[112],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[114],"\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064f":[115],"\u0623\u0646\u0652":[116],"\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064e":[117],"\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627":[119],"\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627":[120],"\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627":[121],"\u0644\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.":[123],"\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[124],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064f":[126],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064e":[127],"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[128],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[138],"\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064d":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[141],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[144],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[146],"\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[147],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651":[151],"\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646":[157],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c":[158],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064f\u0646":[160],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
