{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411957729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","title":"Effect of alumina on Fe-Al intermetallics at the SS-Al bimetallic interface fabricated via wire arc directed energy deposition","display_name":"Effect of alumina on Fe-Al intermetallics at the SS-Al bimetallic interface fabricated via wire arc directed energy deposition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411957729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135187643","display_name":"Journal of Material Science and Technology","issn_l":"1005-0302","issn":["1005-0302","1941-1162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030397182","display_name":"Amrit Raj Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-063X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-063X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70735523","display_name":"Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/059h0ng81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702","https://openalex.org/I70735523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99364266","display_name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rcsq61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]}],"countries":["AU","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrit Raj Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India","RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-063X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70735523"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084927203","display_name":"Jayshri Dumbre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-471X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-471X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayshri Dumbre","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007634280","display_name":"Manidipto Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-6357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-6357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70735523","display_name":"Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/059h0ng81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702","https://openalex.org/I70735523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99364266","display_name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rcsq61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manidipto Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-6357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70735523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090107928","display_name":"Dilpreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-3800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-3800"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70735523","display_name":"Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/059h0ng81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702","https://openalex.org/I70735523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99364266","display_name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rcsq61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilpreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-3800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99364266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70735523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014636765","display_name":"Edwin Lawrence Harrop Mayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-444X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-444X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin LH. Mayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-444X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015582411","display_name":"Matthew R. Field","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-922X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-922X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. Field","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-922X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010028120","display_name":"Maciej Mazur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-9135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-9135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Mazur","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-9135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005135301","display_name":"Dong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-2077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-2077","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-4150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-2077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005135301","https://openalex.org/A5007634280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70735523","https://openalex.org/I82951845","https://openalex.org/I99364266"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":3.1767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91959168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"249","issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11100","display_name":"Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-aluminides","display_name":"iron aluminides","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alumina-addition","display_name":"alumina addition","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wire-arc-directed-energy-deposition","display_name":"wire-arc directed energy deposition","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bimetallic-interface","display_name":"bimetallic interface","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fe2al5","display_name":"Fe2Al5","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feal","display_name":"FeAl","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feal3","display_name":"FeAl3","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-pool-dynamics","display_name":"melt pool dynamics","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-hall-petch-relationship","display_name":"inverse Hall-Petch relationship","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermetallic-layer-thickness","display_name":"intermetallic compound thickness","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43411465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997621","display_name":"Bimetallic strip","level":3,"score":0.9094751477241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27501479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428069","display_name":"Intermetallic","level":3,"score":0.8224271535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7227053642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.6270122528076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6002155542373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5542212128639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.43017563223838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.32242244482040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.1965639889240265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11077702045440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.0948016345500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05371066927909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135187643","display_name":"Journal of Material Science and Technology","issn_l":"1005-0302","issn":["1005-0302","1941-1162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.06.013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135187643","display_name":"Journal of Material Science and Technology","issn_l":"1005-0302","issn":["1005-0302","1941-1162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6816589703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECR/2018/001250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310718","display_name":"Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320972","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335900","display_name":"Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/059h0ng81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16947125","https://openalex.org/W774889804","https://openalex.org/W781989121","https://openalex.org/W1964714134","https://openalex.org/W1983081829","https://openalex.org/W1989754081","https://openalex.org/W1994881446","https://openalex.org/W1997960852","https://openalex.org/W2007012263","https://openalex.org/W2008609014","https://openalex.org/W2012774845","https://openalex.org/W2019025532","https://openalex.org/W2033164696","https://openalex.org/W2035398058","https://openalex.org/W2052715380","https://openalex.org/W2055940262","https://openalex.org/W2058440823","https://openalex.org/W2058576153","https://openalex.org/W2061447862","https://openalex.org/W2061887268","https://openalex.org/W2074606590","https://openalex.org/W2078543122","https://openalex.org/W2079570842","https://openalex.org/W2089607869","https://openalex.org/W2181813267","https://openalex.org/W2213056845","https://openalex.org/W2299173019","https://openalex.org/W2461154241","https://openalex.org/W2495943377","https://openalex.org/W2518201184","https://openalex.org/W2523233258","https://openalex.org/W2539261694","https://openalex.org/W2599636850","https://openalex.org/W2750838822","https://openalex.org/W2799865912","https://openalex.org/W2889986325","https://openalex.org/W2917381693","https://openalex.org/W2951343014","https://openalex.org/W2969528772","https://openalex.org/W2984349475","https://openalex.org/W2991554118","https://openalex.org/W2996802152","https://openalex.org/W2999919056","https://openalex.org/W3009147230","https://openalex.org/W3012125017","https://openalex.org/W3022660614","https://openalex.org/W3030275069","https://openalex.org/W3045465281","https://openalex.org/W3046516287","https://openalex.org/W3128539058","https://openalex.org/W3172684716","https://openalex.org/W3209498567","https://openalex.org/W3212342584","https://openalex.org/W3215854337","https://openalex.org/W4200431387","https://openalex.org/W4214728555","https://openalex.org/W4214826961","https://openalex.org/W4292249603","https://openalex.org/W4295394239","https://openalex.org/W4295815862","https://openalex.org/W4309194472","https://openalex.org/W4319763541","https://openalex.org/W4320517259","https://openalex.org/W4321325603","https://openalex.org/W4323974938","https://openalex.org/W4366085805","https://openalex.org/W4391822344","https://openalex.org/W4396789393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6945601880","https://openalex.org/W4295815862","https://openalex.org/W7215099580","https://openalex.org/W3128539058","https://openalex.org/W4408078769","https://openalex.org/W4391451086","https://openalex.org/W4321019969","https://openalex.org/W4410049937","https://openalex.org/W4379928618","https://openalex.org/W4285605692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"development":[1],"of":[2,26,48,60,69,194,213],"a":[3],"high-quality":[4],"stainless":[5],"steel":[6],"(SS)-aluminium":[7],"(Al)":[8],"bimetallic":[9,38,211],"transitionally":[10],"graded":[11],"structure":[12],"(TGS)":[13],"via":[14,99],"metal":[15],"additive":[16],"manufacturing":[17],"process":[18],"has":[19,42],"been":[20,43],"challenging":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,139],"the":[24,37,46,55,66,73,130,152,210,225],"formation":[25],"brittle":[27],"and":[28,57,88,113,120,147,155,163,175,199,204,237],"crack-prone":[29],"Iron":[30],"(Fe)-":[31],"Al":[32,172,182,197],"intermetallic":[33],"compounds":[34],"(IMCs)":[35],"at":[36,129,209],"interface.":[39],"However,":[40],"it":[41],"observed":[44,208],"that":[45],"addition":[47],"ternary":[49],"alloying":[50],"elements":[51],"can":[52],"significantly":[53,150],"improve":[54],"metallurgical":[56],"mechanical":[58],"properties":[59],"these":[61],"IMCs.":[62],"This":[63],"study":[64],"investigates":[65],"intricate":[67],"influence":[68],"alumina":[70,108,134,188,215],"particles":[71],"on":[72],"SS-Al":[74,95,243],"interface,":[75],"uncovering":[76],"insights":[77,233],"into":[78,234],"melt":[79],"pool":[80],"forces,":[81,149],"tri-layered":[82],"IMC":[83,86,124,153],"formation,":[84],"nano-grained":[85],"layers,":[87,178],"an":[89],"inverse":[90,226],"Hall-Petch":[91,227],"relationship.":[92,228],"Three":[93],"thin-walled":[94],"structures":[96,244],"were":[97,207],"deposited":[98],"wire":[100],"arc":[101],"directed":[102],"energy":[103],"deposition":[104],"(WA-DED),":[105],"incorporating":[106],"varying":[107],"content":[109,128,216],"levels":[110],"(20,":[111],"30,":[112],"40":[114,140],"mg/mm).":[115],"Alumina":[116],"decomposition":[117],"released":[118],"elemental":[119],"gaseous":[121],"oxygen,":[122],"affecting":[123],"layer":[125,184],"thickness.":[126],"Oxygen":[127],"interface":[131,212,235],"increased":[132],"with":[133,179,187,224],"concentration":[135],"(from":[136],"20":[137],"mg/mm":[138],"mg/mm),":[141],"which":[142,219],"in":[143,245],"turn":[144],"altered":[145],"Marangoni":[146],"buoyancy":[148],"impacting":[151],"thickness":[154,185],"respective":[156,222],"grain":[157,192],"size.":[158],"Energy":[159],"dispersive":[160],"X-ray":[161],"spectroscopy":[162],"electron":[164],"back-scattered":[165],"diffraction":[166],"analyses":[167],"revealed":[168],"FeAl,":[169],"Fe":[170,180,195],"2":[171,181,196],"5":[173,183,198],",":[174],"FeAl":[176,200],"3":[177,201],"increasing":[186],"content.":[189],"nanometric":[191],"size":[193],"(\u223c77.69":[202],"nm":[203],"52.68":[205],"nm)":[206],"lower":[214],"(20":[217],"mg/mm)":[218],"justifies":[220],"their":[221],"hardness":[223],"These":[229],"findings":[230],"provide":[231],"valuable":[232],"dynamics":[236],"offer":[238],"quantitative":[239],"data":[240],"for":[241],"optimising":[242],"diverse":[246],"applications.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
