{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411909474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","title":"Regulatory integration and transregional corporations\u2019 new investments under ex-ante regulation and ex-post liability: A real option perspective","display_name":"Regulatory integration and transregional corporations\u2019 new investments under ex-ante regulation and ex-post liability: A real option perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411909474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6918023/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6918023/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102999719","display_name":"Mengshuai Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-6227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-6227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengshuai Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064181371","display_name":"Kutay Cingiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-2677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-2677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kutay Cingiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wageningen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wageningen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jifang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020313020","display_name":"Justus Wesseler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8543","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-5886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justus Wesseler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wageningen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wageningen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102999719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.02250000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-integration","display_name":"regulatory integration","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-heterogeneity","display_name":"regulatory heterogeneity","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-options","display_name":"real options","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante-regulation","display_name":"ex ante regulation","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-post-liability","display_name":"ex post liability","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-decisions","display_name":"investment decision-making","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-expansion","display_name":"regional expansion","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.7167407274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.6637200117111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5623586177825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5437719225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5319609642028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49279358983039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.45021703839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141570072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568338","display_name":"Limited liability","level":2,"score":0.4413774013519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37624794244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.24392074346542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09834599494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07402104139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6918023/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6918023/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6918023/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411909474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411909474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19284138","https://openalex.org/W1030237807","https://openalex.org/W1493418575","https://openalex.org/W1507839569","https://openalex.org/W1548953477","https://openalex.org/W1559694472","https://openalex.org/W1576301909","https://openalex.org/W1582563599","https://openalex.org/W1864548705","https://openalex.org/W1908949338","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2013169876","https://openalex.org/W2033739349","https://openalex.org/W2039474784","https://openalex.org/W2052440810","https://openalex.org/W2054693203","https://openalex.org/W2065699488","https://openalex.org/W2089223661","https://openalex.org/W2089369595","https://openalex.org/W2092883065","https://openalex.org/W2117425342","https://openalex.org/W2123374249","https://openalex.org/W2152834853","https://openalex.org/W2201916633","https://openalex.org/W2235049577","https://openalex.org/W2323573032","https://openalex.org/W2610347987","https://openalex.org/W2911798673","https://openalex.org/W2953223532","https://openalex.org/W3040797399","https://openalex.org/W3043467684","https://openalex.org/W3048209079","https://openalex.org/W3122621436","https://openalex.org/W4244166486","https://openalex.org/W4365787967","https://openalex.org/W4385491333","https://openalex.org/W6922232931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098887510","https://openalex.org/W2997144490","https://openalex.org/W4405900977","https://openalex.org/W4388151287","https://openalex.org/W6945173367","https://openalex.org/W814101622","https://openalex.org/W2288688818","https://openalex.org/W4390755045","https://openalex.org/W2801521541","https://openalex.org/W2241591314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Corporations":[1],"operating":[2],"across":[3],"diverse":[4],"regions":[5],"face":[6],"complex":[7],"rules":[8],"and":[9,45,57,85,170],"regulations":[10],"that":[11,102,174],"impact":[12],"corporate":[13],"investment":[14],"behavior.":[15],"To":[16],"evaluate":[17],"the":[18,38,72,80,89,137,141,147,162,171],"economic":[19,104],"implications":[20,173],"of":[21,74,106,113],"regulatory":[22,35,109,122,133],"heterogeneity,":[23],"in":[24,108],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,60,155],"analyze":[28],"optional":[29,64],"harmonized":[30,42,65],"regulation":[31,43,47,56,165],"by":[32],"comparing":[33],"two":[34],"regimes":[36],"at":[37],"multi-regional":[39],"(national)":[40],"level:":[41],"(HR)":[44],"individual":[46],"(IR).":[48],"Utilizing":[49],"a":[50,69,157,167],"real":[51],"option":[52],"model":[53],"incorporating":[54],"ex-ante":[55],"ex-post":[58],"liability,":[59],"find":[61],"that,":[62],"under":[63],"regulation,":[66],"there":[67],"is":[68],"noticeable":[70],"threshold,":[71],"number":[73],"regions,":[75],"where":[76],"bigger":[77],"firms":[78,87,112,117,126],"(above":[79],"threshold)":[81,90],"would":[82,135],"follow":[83],"HR,":[84],"smaller":[86,125],"(below":[88],"benefit":[91,119],"more":[92],"from":[93,120],"adhering":[94],"to":[95,149,151],"IR.":[96],"More":[97],"importantly,":[98],"our":[99],"study":[100,169],"finds":[101],"differential":[103],"impacts":[105],"changes":[107],"integration":[110,134],"for":[111],"varying":[114],"sizes.":[115],"Bigger":[116],"could":[118],"increased":[121],"integration,":[123],"while":[124],"may":[127],"be":[128],"adversely":[129],"affected.":[130],"Conversely,":[131],"decreased":[132],"have":[136],"opposite":[138],"effect.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"identified":[142],"threshold":[143],"decreases":[144],"when":[145],"considering":[146],"options":[148],"expand":[150],"additional":[152],"regions.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"conduct":[156],"Monte":[158],"Carlo":[159],"simulation":[160],"using":[161],"EU":[163],"fertilizer":[164],"as":[166],"case":[168],"policy":[172],"follow.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}