{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411800652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888","title":"Measuring Ocean Surface Waves","display_name":"Measuring Ocean Surface Waves","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411800652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2025rg000888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129102366","display_name":"Reviews of Geophysics","issn_l":"0096-1043","issn":["0096-1043","1944-9208","8755-1209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045720609","display_name":"Clarence O. Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-616X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-616X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clarence O. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center  Duck NC USA","Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center  Duck NC USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080854602","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Amador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-4019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-4019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60388903","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez","ror":"https://ror.org/00wek6x04","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200399037","https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Amador","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Puerto Rico Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez PR USA","University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-4019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Puerto Rico Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez PR USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006825958","display_name":"Alexander V. Babanin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-8204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-8204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Babanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","The University of Melbourne Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-8204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006248296","display_name":"James Behrens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-9604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-9604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Behrens","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Data Bouy Systems  San Diego CA USA","University of California San Diego"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-9604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Data Bouy Systems  San Diego CA USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056121516","display_name":"Alvise Benetazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-4922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-4922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114340","display_name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/02hdf6119","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvise Benetazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","CNR-ISMAR"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-4922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR-ISMAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077880230","display_name":"Filippo Bergamasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-1556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-1556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114340","display_name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/02hdf6119","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Bergamasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics C\u00e1 Foscari University of Venice  Venice Italy","Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","Ca' Foscari University of Venice"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-1556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics C\u00e1 Foscari University of Venice  Venice Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037438059","display_name":"Chris E. Blenkinsopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-2805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-2805"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Blenkinsopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering University of Bath  Bath UK","University of Bath"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-2805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering University of Bath  Bath UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047241176","display_name":"Philippe Bonneton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-1084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-1084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099840","display_name":"Environnements et Pal\u00e9oenvironnements Oc\u00e9aniques et Continentaux","ror":"https://ror.org/01tsa0x55","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210099840","https://openalex.org/I4210134592","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210160189","https://openalex.org/I78744979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Bonneton","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS Bordeaux INP EPOC UMR 5805 University of Bordeaux  Pessac France","University of Bordeaux"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-1084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS Bordeaux INP EPOC UMR 5805 University of Bordeaux  Pessac France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210099840","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bordeaux","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996157","display_name":"\u00d8yvind Breivik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-8458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-8458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d8yvind Breivik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","University of Bergen  Bergen Norway","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-8458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergen  Bergen Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035249930","display_name":"Kai H. Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-794X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-794X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai H. Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","University of Oslo  Oslo Norway","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-794X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005427634","display_name":"Luke Vincent Colosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-4358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-4358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Colosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","Scripps Institution of Oceanography"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-4358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030476295","display_name":"Kevin Ewans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-3973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-3973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Ewans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","MetOcean Research Ltd  New Plymouth New Zealand","MetOcean Research Ltd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-3973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MetOcean Research Ltd  New Plymouth New Zealand","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MetOcean Research Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026973196","display_name":"Johannes R. Gemmrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-8178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-8178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Gemmrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria  Victoria BC Canada","University of Victoria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-8178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria  Victoria BC Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075977902","display_name":"Hannah Glover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Glover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA","Oregon State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013047630","display_name":"Laurent Grare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-571X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-571X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Grare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","University of California San Diego Marine Physical Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-571X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego Marine Physical Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058633100","display_name":"Vika G. Grigorieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-8450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-8450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205220096","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00n1e1p60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I205220096","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]}],"countries":["IL","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vika Grigorieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel","Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-8450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205220096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205220096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019809176","display_name":"Sergey Gulev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-5121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-5121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205220096","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00n1e1p60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I205220096","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Gulev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","IORAS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-5121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205220096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IORAS","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048210830","display_name":"Dani\u00e8le Hauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-670X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-670X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148025","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdfz702","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154535","display_name":"Laboratoire atmosph\u00e8res, milieux, observations spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/05ppf7q77","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210154535"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dani\u00e8le Hauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["LATMOS CNRS Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin Paris Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Guyancourt France","CNRS- Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-670X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LATMOS CNRS Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin Paris Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Guyancourt France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210154535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS- Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108701157","display_name":"Lars Robert Hole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-9235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-9235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars R. Hole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040553622","display_name":"Gaute Hope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-1447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-1447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaute Hope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-1447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031768800","display_name":"Isabel Houghton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-2415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-2415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257702","display_name":"Sofar Ocean (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0zs997","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Houghton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sofar Ocean Technologies  San Francisco CA USA","Sofar Ocean"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-2415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofar Ocean Technologies  San Francisco CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofar Ocean","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083857185","display_name":"Je\u2010Yuan Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-2633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-2633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Je\u2010Yuan Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University  Taipei City Taiwan","National Taiwan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-2633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University  Taipei City Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003786387","display_name":"Nathan J. M. Laxague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-9236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-9236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan J. M. Laxague","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Hampshire  Durham NH USA","University of New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-9236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Hampshire  Durham NH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076525109","display_name":"Luc Lenain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Lenain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","Scripps Institution of Oceanography"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021014033","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Lund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Lund","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami  Coral Gables FL USA","University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami  Coral Gables FL USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048461739","display_name":"Annika O\u2019Dea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-8764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-8764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87303767","display_name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/027mhn368","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annika O\u2019Dea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center  Duck NC USA","US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-8764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center  Duck NC USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Field Research Facility","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87303767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003153967","display_name":"Mara Pistellato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-290X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-290X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114340","display_name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/02hdf6119","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mara Pistellato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics C\u00e1 Foscari University of Venice  Venice Italy","Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","Ca Foscari University of Venice"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-290X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics C\u00e1 Foscari University of Venice  Venice Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche  Venice Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114340","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ca Foscari University of Venice","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029319107","display_name":"Anne Karin Magnusson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-7900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-7900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Karin Magnusson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-7900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026060513","display_name":"K\u00e9vin Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098382","display_name":"LIttoral ENvironnement et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8amq78","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210098382","https://openalex.org/I78744979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78744979","display_name":"La Rochelle Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv1z119","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K\u00e9vin Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMR 7266 LIENSs Institut du Littoral et de l\u2019Environnement CNRS \u2010 La Rochelle Universit\u00e9  La Rochelle France","UMR 7266 LIENSs CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de La Rochelle"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-4187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMR 7266 LIENSs Institut du Littoral et de l\u2019Environnement CNRS \u2010 La Rochelle Universit\u00e9  La Rochelle France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210098382","https://openalex.org/I78744979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMR 7266 LIENSs CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de La Rochelle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210098382","https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065763073","display_name":"Yoshinao Matsuba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-2447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-2447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshinao Matsuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo  Chiba Japan","University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-2447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo  Chiba Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066246575","display_name":"Mark L. McAllister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-3172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-3172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark McAllister","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford  Oxford UK","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sophia Merrifield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-7285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-7285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Merrifield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-7285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085436289","display_name":"Malte M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-8359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-8359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malte M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","University of Oslo  Oslo Norway","Deutsches Geod\u00e4tisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-8359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Geod\u00e4tisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088879981","display_name":"Marcello Passaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-3948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-3948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Passaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Geod\u00e4tisches Forschungsinstitut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany","Norwegian Meteorological Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-3948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Geod\u00e4tisches Forschungsinstitut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063892805","display_name":"Jean Rabault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-6592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-6592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Rabault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","Rutgers University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-6592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute  Oslo Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015336710","display_name":"Hugh J. Roarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-7043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-7043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257702","display_name":"Sofar Ocean (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0zs997","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Roarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University  New Brunswick NJ USA","Sofar Ocean"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-7043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University  New Brunswick NJ USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofar Ocean","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexei Skvortsov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-7052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-7052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Skvortsov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maritime Division AU Defense Science and Technology Group  Melbourne VIC Australia","Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-7052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maritime Division AU Defense Science and Technology Group  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038922421","display_name":"Pieter Bart Smit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-9136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-9136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315852903","display_name":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/059qg2m13","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315852903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257702","display_name":"Sofar Ocean (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0zs997","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Smit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sofar Ocean Technologies  San Francisco CA USA","Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-9136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofar Ocean Technologies  San Francisco CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257702"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315852903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054145718","display_name":"Madison Margaret Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-042X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-042X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205220096","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00n1e1p60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I205220096","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison M. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Falmouth MA USA","P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-042X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Falmouth MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205220096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075247229","display_name":"Hitoshi Tamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-9504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155417","display_name":"Port and Airport Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05r26zf79","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155417","https://openalex.org/I4405284002"]}],"countries":["GB","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Tamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Information Research Group Port and Airport Research Institute  Yokosuka Japan","National Oceanography Center"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-9504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Information Research Group Port and Airport Research Institute  Yokosuka Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eric Terrill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-8351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-8351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Terrill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-8351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034291642","display_name":"Natalia D. Tilinina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-4205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-4205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205220096","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00n1e1p60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I205220096","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]}],"countries":["AU","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Tilinina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-4205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Shirshov Institute of Oceanology  Moscow Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205220096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066986673","display_name":"Ben W. Timmermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-8489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-8489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Timmermans","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Center  Southampton UK","Oregon State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-8489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Center  Southampton UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037486583","display_name":"Jim Thomson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-0088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-0088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Thomson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington  Seattle WA USA","University of Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-0088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington  Seattle WA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050621728","display_name":"Joey Voermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-3763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-3763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joey Voermans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-3763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031711604","display_name":"Meagan Elizabeth Wengrove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-8574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-8574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meagan Wengrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA","University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-8574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046181871","display_name":"Lucy R. Wyatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-0018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-0018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy R. Wyatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seaview Sensing Ltd and University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK","Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-0018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seaview Sensing Ltd and University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060814110","display_name":"Jeseon Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-8042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-8042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133437993","display_name":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032m55064","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27841520","display_name":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03crn0n59","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I27841520","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeseon Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology  Busan South Korea","JISAO/UW and NOAA/PMEL"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-8042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology  Busan South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133437993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JISAO/UW and NOAA/PMEL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I27841520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017415027","display_name":"Ian Robert Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-9227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-9227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-9227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059238662","display_name":"Christopher J. Zappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-2913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-2913"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Zappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont\u2010Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University  Palisades NY USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-2913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont\u2010Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University  Palisades NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783851","display_name":"Dongxiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-911X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-911X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-7948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27841520","display_name":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03crn0n59","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I27841520","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257308","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/054bfvp24","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4405257308"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-911X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies University of Washington  Seattle WA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I27841520","https://openalex.org/I4405257308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":14,"institutions_distinct_count":48,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045720609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I87303767"],"apc_list":{"value":3880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90903852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-surface-waves","display_name":"ocean surface waves","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-spectra","display_name":"wave spectrum","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-measurement","display_name":"wave measurement","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-buoy","display_name":"wave buoy","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spaceborne-altimetry","display_name":"spaceborne altimetry","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"LiDAR","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-acoustic-sensing","display_name":"distributed acoustic sensing","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"polarimetry","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopic-imaging","display_name":"stereoscopic imaging","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-remote-sensing","display_name":"radar remote sensing","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"wave height","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-wave-spectra","display_name":"directional wave spectra","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-waves","display_name":"storm waves","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.5109935998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.4796909987926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4467742443084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4281313717365265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3904472589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3240463137626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.3194776773452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.219074547290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1880417764186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15771430730819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0970790684223175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2025rg000888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025rg000888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129102366","display_name":"Reviews of Geophysics","issn_l":"0096-1043","issn":["0096-1043","1944-9208","8755-1209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:244640","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-616X>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/244640/1/essoar.175130482.285472482Fv1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05401283v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05401283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2025","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05401283v2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05401283v2/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05719443v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05719443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Geophysics, 2026, 64 (3), &#x27E8;10.1029/2025RG000888&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unive.it:10278/5125617","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10278/5125617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402336","display_name":"ARCA (Universit\u00e0 Ca' Foscari Venezia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","host_organization_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:75162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/75162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Geophysics, 64(3)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:542248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-616X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Publication - Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175130482.28547248/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5769000053405762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2429799855","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Investigating the Relationship Between Ocean Surface Gravity-Capillary Waves, Surface-Layer Hydrodynamics, and Air-Sea Momentum Flux","funder_award_id":"2049578","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3111608829","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Investigating the Relationship Between Ocean Surface Gravity-Capillary Waves, Surface-Layer Hydrodynamics, and Air-Sea Momentum Flux","funder_award_id":"2049579","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3606140959","display_name":"Nearshore bathymetric inversion from lidars during extreme events","funder_award_id":"887867","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G387093926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FMWE-2024-0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4173893711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K1397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4344783456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UWSC13231\u2010BPO60467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2527671807","funder_display_name":"Naval Facilities Engineering Command Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5912580253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-77-30001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G619511658","display_name":"Initiative d\u2019excellence de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","funder_award_id":"ANR-10-IDEX-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6732445337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014\u201021\u20101\u20102676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7634339512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001424MP00439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8237054268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014\u201021\u20101\u20102496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8602444557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001424MP00487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G878710125","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Investigating the Air-Sea Energy Exchange in the presence of Surface Gravity Waves by Measurements of Turbulence Dissipation, Production and Transport","funder_award_id":"1756839","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2527671807","display_name":"Naval Facilities Engineering Command Washington","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411800652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411800652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":703,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33513679","https://openalex.org/W129464092","https://openalex.org/W154107633","https://openalex.org/W171418256","https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W655092305","https://openalex.org/W657639318","https://openalex.org/W1509486062","https://openalex.org/W1509918867","https://openalex.org/W1518444024","https://openalex.org/W1526056210","https://openalex.org/W1526846380","https://openalex.org/W1555580554","https://openalex.org/W1573825727","https://openalex.org/W1576269115","https://openalex.org/W1580403184","https://openalex.org/W1738054850","https://openalex.org/W1755735789","https://openalex.org/W1893177539","https://openalex.org/W1951073779","https://openalex.org/W1951827095","https://openalex.org/W1960647921","https://openalex.org/W1963858213","https://openalex.org/W1964205757","https://openalex.org/W1964636259","https://openalex.org/W1965097669","https://openalex.org/W1965439133","https://openalex.org/W1965460151","https://openalex.org/W1965580132","https://openalex.org/W1965862450","https://openalex.org/W1966469520","https://openalex.org/W1967332667","https://openalex.org/W1967351457","https://openalex.org/W1967530126","https://openalex.org/W1968670932","https://openalex.org/W1968857312","https://openalex.org/W1968877628","https://openalex.org/W1969847297","https://openalex.org/W1970324538","https://openalex.org/W1970970684","https://openalex.org/W1971992917","https://openalex.org/W1972261474","https://openalex.org/W1973059485","https://openalex.org/W1973922430","https://openalex.org/W1974045356","https://openalex.org/W1974456500","https://openalex.org/W1974668176","https://openalex.org/W1975797404","https://openalex.org/W1977393251","https://openalex.org/W1977422643","https://openalex.org/W1977512891","https://openalex.org/W1979444755","https://openalex.org/W1980088100","https://openalex.org/W1980252672","https://openalex.org/W1980271181","https://openalex.org/W1981472175","https://openalex.org/W1981661505","https://openalex.org/W1983072273","https://openalex.org/W1984106776","https://openalex.org/W1984879029","https://openalex.org/W1984978160","https://openalex.org/W1985478800","https://openalex.org/W1985518367","https://openalex.org/W1985625364","https://openalex.org/W1986078748","https://openalex.org/W1986530935","https://openalex.org/W1986938955","https://openalex.org/W1987150064","https://openalex.org/W1987338096","https://openalex.org/W1987389622","https://openalex.org/W1987953830","https://openalex.org/W1988345995","https://openalex.org/W1988572312","https://openalex.org/W1988628421","https://openalex.org/W1989149370","https://openalex.org/W1989690052","https://openalex.org/W1990077491","https://openalex.org/W1990888353","https://openalex.org/W1991198589","https://openalex.org/W1991948497","https://openalex.org/W1992284122","https://openalex.org/W1993263440","https://openalex.org/W1993414336","https://openalex.org/W1998094470","https://openalex.org/W1998266372","https://openalex.org/W2000670892","https://openalex.org/W2000863722","https://openalex.org/W2001197258","https://openalex.org/W2001890510","https://openalex.org/W2002026520","https://openalex.org/W2002371840","https://openalex.org/W2002521343","https://openalex.org/W2003246888","https://openalex.org/W2003475651","https://openalex.org/W2004375793","https://openalex.org/W2005793058","https://openalex.org/W2006081134","https://openalex.org/W2006650073","https://openalex.org/W2007256370","https://openalex.org/W2007706538","https://openalex.org/W2007785881","https://openalex.org/W2009471188","https://openalex.org/W2009615996","https://openalex.org/W2009618549","https://openalex.org/W2009619252","https://openalex.org/W2010290437","https://openalex.org/W2010954935","https://openalex.org/W2011201292","https://openalex.org/W2011428781","https://openalex.org/W2011576754","https://openalex.org/W2012079191","https://openalex.org/W2012544842","https://openalex.org/W2012978504","https://openalex.org/W2014123121","https://openalex.org/W2014883701","https://openalex.org/W2015038566","https://openalex.org/W2017083957","https://openalex.org/W2018095692","https://openalex.org/W2018398857","https://openalex.org/W2019894012","https://openalex.org/W2021547931","https://openalex.org/W2022170706","https://openalex.org/W2023739131","https://openalex.org/W2024226995","https://openalex.org/W2024706265","https://openalex.org/W2024932992","https://openalex.org/W2025187055","https://openalex.org/W2025247955","https://openalex.org/W2026063657","https://openalex.org/W2026793445","https://openalex.org/W2026931211","https://openalex.org/W2027030283","https://openalex.org/W2027252566","https://openalex.org/W2027307049","https://openalex.org/W2028925509","https://openalex.org/W2028965680","https://openalex.org/W2029026065","https://openalex.org/W2030290396","https://openalex.org/W2030319994","https://openalex.org/W2030426198","https://openalex.org/W2031073019","https://openalex.org/W2031495955","https://openalex.org/W2032164380","https://openalex.org/W2032265359","https://openalex.org/W2032355107","https://openalex.org/W2032986791","https://openalex.org/W2034139177","https://openalex.org/W2034285664","https://openalex.org/W2034366402","https://openalex.org/W2034944977","https://openalex.org/W2035169304","https://openalex.org/W2035420610","https://openalex.org/W2036897598","https://openalex.org/W2037062718","https://openalex.org/W2037430122","https://openalex.org/W2037574201","https://openalex.org/W2038483297","https://openalex.org/W2038631202","https://openalex.org/W2038643833","https://openalex.org/W2039752589","https://openalex.org/W2040583648","https://openalex.org/W2040774990","https://openalex.org/W2042005022","https://openalex.org/W2042886626","https://openalex.org/W2042984115","https://openalex.org/W2043430113","https://openalex.org/W2046415381","https://openalex.org/W2047560738","https://openalex.org/W2047645263","https://openalex.org/W2048202586","https://openalex.org/W2048209332","https://openalex.org/W2049029099","https://openalex.org/W2050175553","https://openalex.org/W2050217793","https://openalex.org/W2050269712","https://openalex.org/W2050277009","https://openalex.org/W2050661066","https://openalex.org/W2051180936","https://openalex.org/W2051958913","https://openalex.org/W2053694781","https://openalex.org/W2053792513","https://openalex.org/W2054123514","https://openalex.org/W2054364708","https://openalex.org/W2055613669","https://openalex.org/W2055671626","https://openalex.org/W2056454118","https://openalex.org/W2056618289","https://openalex.org/W2056897609","https://openalex.org/W2057426069","https://openalex.org/W2058076059","https://openalex.org/W2058713471","https://openalex.org/W2058923961","https://openalex.org/W2060679957","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2062324699","https://openalex.org/W2062793371","https://openalex.org/W2063035710","https://openalex.org/W2064670622","https://openalex.org/W2064883310","https://openalex.org/W2065126285","https://openalex.org/W2066001164","https://openalex.org/W2066306769","https://openalex.org/W2066884088","https://openalex.org/W2068013568","https://openalex.org/W2068313416","https://openalex.org/W2068873696","https://openalex.org/W2068942128","https://openalex.org/W2069267348","https://openalex.org/W2069852952","https://openalex.org/W2070676382","https://openalex.org/W2072142233","https://openalex.org/W2073064546","https://openalex.org/W2073467673","https://openalex.org/W2074920659","https://openalex.org/W2075595074","https://openalex.org/W2075828063","https://openalex.org/W2076115742","https://openalex.org/W2076284570","https://openalex.org/W2080175554","https://openalex.org/W2080491843","https://openalex.org/W2081816434","https://openalex.org/W2082402945","https://openalex.org/W2083069713","https://openalex.org/W2083491579","https://openalex.org/W2083570047","https://openalex.org/W2084439104","https://openalex.org/W2084486954","https://openalex.org/W2084687869","https://openalex.org/W2085750491","https://openalex.org/W2086297570","https://openalex.org/W2086301125","https://openalex.org/W2086429451","https://openalex.org/W2087105482","https://openalex.org/W2087156767","https://openalex.org/W2087180528","https://openalex.org/W2087194329","https://openalex.org/W2087503661","https://openalex.org/W2089038030","https://openalex.org/W2090181333","https://openalex.org/W2090355630","https://openalex.org/W2092275568","https://openalex.org/W2093282011","https://openalex.org/W2094716154","https://openalex.org/W2095325216","https://openalex.org/W2095408490","https://openalex.org/W2095804204","https://openalex.org/W2096095527","https://openalex.org/W2097437191","https://openalex.org/W2097757623","https://openalex.org/W2099317576","https://openalex.org/W2100335171","https://openalex.org/W2101347039","https://openalex.org/W2102325836","https://openalex.org/W2102443243","https://openalex.org/W2103338950","https://openalex.org/W2104271735","https://openalex.org/W2104970949","https://openalex.org/W2106913415","https://openalex.org/W2107970271","https://openalex.org/W2110871191","https://openalex.org/W2111844810","https://openalex.org/W2115134443","https://openalex.org/W2115975538","https://openalex.org/W2118725385","https://openalex.org/W2118726067","https://openalex.org/W2121508730","https://openalex.org/W2124641496","https://openalex.org/W2125441934","https://openalex.org/W2126045697","https://openalex.org/W2126511594","https://openalex.org/W2126652975","https://openalex.org/W2128183300","https://openalex.org/W2130115931","https://openalex.org/W2130125480","https://openalex.org/W2131966069","https://openalex.org/W2132321666","https://openalex.org/W2132809505","https://openalex.org/W2133209080","https://openalex.org/W2133528175","https://openalex.org/W2135304533","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2136979189","https://openalex.org/W2137255966","https://openalex.org/W2137487759","https://openalex.org/W2137716337","https://openalex.org/W2138097315","https://openalex.org/W2138331294","https://openalex.org/W2138770875","https://openalex.org/W2141906308","https://openalex.org/W2143411575","https://openalex.org/W2143980596","https://openalex.org/W2147245887","https://openalex.org/W2147328094","https://openalex.org/W2147641290","https://openalex.org/W2148270077","https://openalex.org/W2148878525","https://openalex.org/W2149131108","https://openalex.org/W2149285530","https://openalex.org/W2149705599","https://openalex.org/W2150521132","https://openalex.org/W2151140962","https://openalex.org/W2151545975","https://openalex.org/W2153146342","https://openalex.org/W2154347429","https://openalex.org/W2155219892","https://openalex.org/W2156589702","https://openalex.org/W2157568848","https://openalex.org/W2157664196","https://openalex.org/W2159488203","https://openalex.org/W2159755379","https://openalex.org/W2160670062","https://openalex.org/W2162084222","https://openalex.org/W2162126846","https://openalex.org/W2162623208","https://openalex.org/W2163418722","https://openalex.org/W2164549768","https://openalex.org/W2164615427","https://openalex.org/W2165101214","https://openalex.org/W2168307952","https://openalex.org/W2168379187","https://openalex.org/W2168711826","https://openalex.org/W2171844228","https://openalex.org/W2172396114","https://openalex.org/W2172465538","https://openalex.org/W2172681507","https://openalex.org/W2172910201","https://openalex.org/W2173535926","https://openalex.org/W2174253835","https://openalex.org/W2175738321","https://openalex.org/W2176679922","https://openalex.org/W2177502711","https://openalex.org/W2178341758","https://openalex.org/W2178528938","https://openalex.org/W2178701652","https://openalex.org/W2199061894","https://openalex.org/W2208853529","https://openalex.org/W2215215452","https://openalex.org/W2235309826","https://openalex.org/W2239867333","https://openalex.org/W2261997886","https://openalex.org/W2280170042","https://openalex.org/W2282281932","https://openalex.org/W2286976402","https://openalex.org/W2290849591","https://openalex.org/W2292305951","https://openalex.org/W2294591730","https://openalex.org/W2306115216","https://openalex.org/W2323421424","https://openalex.org/W2324979057","https://openalex.org/W2328111423","https://openalex.org/W2336502929","https://openalex.org/W2396659774","https://openalex.org/W2465808793","https://openalex.org/W2469399680","https://openalex.org/W2470203143","https://openalex.org/W2473390175","https://openalex.org/W2475902667","https://openalex.org/W2480737965","https://openalex.org/W2482874728","https://openalex.org/W2487248433","https://openalex.org/W2491746291","https://openalex.org/W2501561368","https://openalex.org/W2502089159","https://openalex.org/W2527159626","https://openalex.org/W2530235865","https://openalex.org/W2557349411","https://openalex.org/W2562834117","https://openalex.org/W2563295955","https://openalex.org/W2565671712","https://openalex.org/W2566061493","https://openalex.org/W2570171155","https://openalex.org/W2574269812","https://openalex.org/W2578755739","https://openalex.org/W2580635463","https://openalex.org/W2583192453","https://openalex.org/W2583839606","https://openalex.org/W2584321341","https://openalex.org/W2586137584","https://openalex.org/W2586175171","https://openalex.org/W2587765506","https://openalex.org/W2588487022","https://openalex.org/W2600884488","https://openalex.org/W2606492266","https://openalex.org/W2621478363","https://openalex.org/W2726329986","https://openalex.org/W2728442209","https://openalex.org/W2734375699","https://openalex.org/W2737493400","https://openalex.org/W2742796949","https://openalex.org/W2744627936","https://openalex.org/W2748066638","https://openalex.org/W2750024230","https://openalex.org/W2751337063","https://openalex.org/W2753559653","https://openalex.org/W2753981231","https://openalex.org/W2754496718","https://openalex.org/W2763807687","https://openalex.org/W2765260427","https://openalex.org/W2765704349","https://openalex.org/W2767209351","https://openalex.org/W2768551563","https://openalex.org/W2774830346","https://openalex.org/W2777308941","https://openalex.org/W2779393347","https://openalex.org/W2781961479","https://openalex.org/W2782927644","https://openalex.org/W2783382583","https://openalex.org/W2783779039","https://openalex.org/W2784637963","https://openalex.org/W2786852647","https://openalex.org/W2792005161","https://openalex.org/W2792595754","https://openalex.org/W2793645752","https://openalex.org/W2797047291","https://openalex.org/W2799940611","https://openalex.org/W2801045576","https://openalex.org/W2801482806","https://openalex.org/W2801766179","https://openalex.org/W2802442573","https://openalex.org/W2808463965","https://openalex.org/W2808515751","https://openalex.org/W2881658130","https://openalex.org/W2885067222","https://openalex.org/W2890439644","https://openalex.org/W2893654187","https://openalex.org/W2898237112","https://openalex.org/W2898348477","https://openalex.org/W2900626425","https://openalex.org/W2904763279","https://openalex.org/W2909579006","https://openalex.org/W2910489937","https://openalex.org/W2910821585","https://openalex.org/W2912539919","https://openalex.org/W2912931395","https://openalex.org/W2914663811","https://openalex.org/W2922482845","https://openalex.org/W2936644502","https://openalex.org/W2939713472","https://openalex.org/W2942159123","https://openalex.org/W2942199973","https://openalex.org/W2942480013","https://openalex.org/W2942985353","https://openalex.org/W2944508384","https://openalex.org/W2945530544","https://openalex.org/W2945967504","https://openalex.org/W2946935961","https://openalex.org/W2947698912","https://openalex.org/W2951167399","https://openalex.org/W2951657839","https://openalex.org/W2954893167","https://openalex.org/W2955463731","https://openalex.org/W2958290401","https://openalex.org/W2961826539","https://openalex.org/W2963130411","https://openalex.org/W2964068485","https://openalex.org/W2966521791","https://openalex.org/W2967375702","https://openalex.org/W2969080398","https://openalex.org/W2974746133","https://openalex.org/W2976556528","https://openalex.org/W2986607448","https://openalex.org/W2990153558","https://openalex.org/W2990361907","https://openalex.org/W2991233131","https://openalex.org/W2991586935","https://openalex.org/W2994752724","https://openalex.org/W2996348358","https://openalex.org/W2999158062","https://openalex.org/W2999211507","https://openalex.org/W2999344511","https://openalex.org/W2999363814","https://openalex.org/W3000412373","https://openalex.org/W3000494885","https://openalex.org/W3000731641","https://openalex.org/W3001314047","https://openalex.org/W3001461140","https://openalex.org/W3002146263","https://openalex.org/W3002641829","https://openalex.org/W3003267861","https://openalex.org/W3005164074","https://openalex.org/W3006564837","https://openalex.org/W3011000872","https://openalex.org/W3012355968","https://openalex.org/W3015306370","https://openalex.org/W3016858853","https://openalex.org/W3020351018","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3027209256","https://openalex.org/W3029047490","https://openalex.org/W3034070271","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3037599209","https://openalex.org/W3042654652","https://openalex.org/W3042769353","https://openalex.org/W3042794743","https://openalex.org/W3044956759","https://openalex.org/W3046153628","https://openalex.org/W3046358445","https://openalex.org/W3046632106","https://openalex.org/W3049532431","https://openalex.org/W3080635073","https://openalex.org/W3082255867","https://openalex.org/W3086678925","https://openalex.org/W3088972430","https://openalex.org/W3092095571","https://openalex.org/W3092748109","https://openalex.org/W3094073497","https://openalex.org/W3094505336","https://openalex.org/W3094546528","https://openalex.org/W3096512765","https://openalex.org/W3097329051","https://openalex.org/W3097395326","https://openalex.org/W3107207269","https://openalex.org/W3107433326","https://openalex.org/W3108377418","https://openalex.org/W3109430234","https://openalex.org/W3109683820","https://openalex.org/W3109840026","https://openalex.org/W3110143575","https://openalex.org/W3110735895","https://openalex.org/W3115239092","https://openalex.org/W3115354261","https://openalex.org/W3116849084","https://openalex.org/W3118339944","https://openalex.org/W3119228151","https://openalex.org/W3119581546","https://openalex.org/W3120167748","https://openalex.org/W3120699794","https://openalex.org/W3125634994","https://openalex.org/W3126851455","https://openalex.org/W3128854819","https://openalex.org/W3130827992","https://openalex.org/W3132742313","https://openalex.org/W3136924960","https://openalex.org/W3137378996","https://openalex.org/W3137746274","https://openalex.org/W3138349860","https://openalex.org/W3153373822","https://openalex.org/W3156488668","https://openalex.org/W3158076739","https://openalex.org/W3160328619","https://openalex.org/W3161475396","https://openalex.org/W3161608658","https://openalex.org/W3162425563","https://openalex.org/W3164493997","https://openalex.org/W3172133256","https://openalex.org/W3175012453","https://openalex.org/W3183882693","https://openalex.org/W3184088746","https://openalex.org/W3185376833","https://openalex.org/W3186010902","https://openalex.org/W3190453595","https://openalex.org/W3190871854","https://openalex.org/W3194385524","https://openalex.org/W3194581730","https://openalex.org/W3201199367","https://openalex.org/W3201829877","https://openalex.org/W3202715948","https://openalex.org/W3203585332","https://openalex.org/W3204357637","https://openalex.org/W3205259692","https://openalex.org/W3206282829","https://openalex.org/W3207636287","https://openalex.org/W3212319935","https://openalex.org/W3214749015","https://openalex.org/W4200012088","https://openalex.org/W4200147985","https://openalex.org/W4205240169","https://openalex.org/W4205519860","https://openalex.org/W4206615852","https://openalex.org/W4207075590","https://openalex.org/W4210279674","https://openalex.org/W4210604719","https://openalex.org/W4212951695","https://openalex.org/W4212951751","https://openalex.org/W4214714881","https://openalex.org/W4220685497","https://openalex.org/W4221065755","https://openalex.org/W4221077678","https://openalex.org/W4221127310","https://openalex.org/W4225006961","https://openalex.org/W4226270708","https://openalex.org/W4229456321","https://openalex.org/W4232644641","https://openalex.org/W4239438394","https://openalex.org/W4239615404","https://openalex.org/W4240100679","https://openalex.org/W4247124573","https://openalex.org/W4255783853","https://openalex.org/W4281629848","https://openalex.org/W4281667397","https://openalex.org/W4281680345","https://openalex.org/W4281846693","https://openalex.org/W4283767391","https://openalex.org/W4285058319","https://openalex.org/W4285802419","https://openalex.org/W4288059210","https://openalex.org/W4289877890","https://openalex.org/W4290047899","https://openalex.org/W4290072526","https://openalex.org/W4291017568","https://openalex.org/W4292210592","https://openalex.org/W4292263289","https://openalex.org/W4293243493","https://openalex.org/W4293767108","https://openalex.org/W4295680432","https://openalex.org/W4297536406","https://openalex.org/W4303980641","https://openalex.org/W4306173528","https://openalex.org/W4306843879","https://openalex.org/W4308737498","https://openalex.org/W4308888209","https://openalex.org/W4311800117","https://openalex.org/W4312061497","https://openalex.org/W4312303630","https://openalex.org/W4312871829","https://openalex.org/W4316926548","https://openalex.org/W4318997271","https://openalex.org/W4320165224","https://openalex.org/W4320895084","https://openalex.org/W4322495839","https://openalex.org/W4323304418","https://openalex.org/W4323656778","https://openalex.org/W4366278031","https://openalex.org/W4366609122","https://openalex.org/W4366694899","https://openalex.org/W4366771694","https://openalex.org/W4367043082","https://openalex.org/W4367302535","https://openalex.org/W4368360783","https://openalex.org/W4372298698","https://openalex.org/W4378175773","https://openalex.org/W4381550705","https://openalex.org/W4382051001","https://openalex.org/W4383313960","https://openalex.org/W4385064904","https://openalex.org/W4385289832","https://openalex.org/W4385305470","https://openalex.org/W4385663462","https://openalex.org/W4386141755","https://openalex.org/W4386223615","https://openalex.org/W4386244795","https://openalex.org/W4386269184","https://openalex.org/W4386396874","https://openalex.org/W4386478410","https://openalex.org/W4387375431","https://openalex.org/W4387614874","https://openalex.org/W4387616583","https://openalex.org/W4387789520","https://openalex.org/W4388170898","https://openalex.org/W4388608395","https://openalex.org/W4388924279","https://openalex.org/W4389056040","https://openalex.org/W4389272533","https://openalex.org/W4389750020","https://openalex.org/W4390122583","https://openalex.org/W4390873116","https://openalex.org/W4391045524","https://openalex.org/W4391281157","https://openalex.org/W4391445716","https://openalex.org/W4391749416","https://openalex.org/W4391934410","https://openalex.org/W4392385007","https://openalex.org/W4392790400","https://openalex.org/W4392930488","https://openalex.org/W4393156802","https://openalex.org/W4393160502","https://openalex.org/W4394576154","https://openalex.org/W4396674015","https://openalex.org/W4396915458","https://openalex.org/W4396918528","https://openalex.org/W4398205991","https://openalex.org/W4398765290","https://openalex.org/W4399510287","https://openalex.org/W4399682427","https://openalex.org/W4400202535","https://openalex.org/W4400276188","https://openalex.org/W4401711465","https://openalex.org/W4401735570","https://openalex.org/W4402808652","https://openalex.org/W4402829409","https://openalex.org/W4403360512","https://openalex.org/W4403788316","https://openalex.org/W4404282553","https://openalex.org/W4404329180","https://openalex.org/W4404507861","https://openalex.org/W4406328293","https://openalex.org/W4408938339","https://openalex.org/W4410619952","https://openalex.org/W4413867439","https://openalex.org/W4414229065","https://openalex.org/W4414664632","https://openalex.org/W6906387886","https://openalex.org/W6910788274","https://openalex.org/W6910794274","https://openalex.org/W6912889822","https://openalex.org/W6931523253","https://openalex.org/W6931835737","https://openalex.org/W6940564228","https://openalex.org/W6948213941","https://openalex.org/W6964633243","https://openalex.org/W6965039910","https://openalex.org/W7130371420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1034819459","https://openalex.org/W3014707088","https://openalex.org/W815306407","https://openalex.org/W2122120479","https://openalex.org/W33798559","https://openalex.org/W1542871782","https://openalex.org/W7067513223","https://openalex.org/W4243566357","https://openalex.org/W1524996847","https://openalex.org/W4200012088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Propagating":[1],"waves":[2],"on":[3,138],"the":[4,27,41,53,57,103,162],"ocean":[5,114,207],"surface":[6,43],"can":[7,88],"be":[8,90],"represented":[9],"as":[10,73,75],"a":[11,19],"stochastic":[12],"process":[13,194],"whose":[14],"statistics":[15],"are":[16,146],"characterized":[17],"by":[18,35],"spectrum.":[20],"This":[21,214],"paper":[22],"reviews":[23],"methods":[24,63],"for":[25,192],"measuring":[26],"wave":[28,59,86,115,120,128,167,208],"spectrum":[29],"and":[30,70,82,99,106,140,145,155,169,185,196,204],"related":[31],"quantities.":[32],"Observations":[33],"begin":[34],"sensing":[36,72,81,135],"fluid":[37],"dynamical":[38],"properties":[39],"of":[40,109,124,161,166,206,221],"sea":[42],"over":[44],"space":[45],"and/or":[46],"time.":[47],"Visual":[48],"observations,":[49],"collected":[50],"routinely":[51],"since":[52],"mid\u201018th":[54],"century,":[55],"comprise":[56],"longest\u2010running":[58],"record.":[60],"Nearshore":[61],"measurement":[62,93],"continue":[64,142],"to":[65,143,181,198,217],"advance,":[66],"including":[67,97],"traditional":[68,182],"pressure":[69],"acoustic":[71,80],"well":[74],"newer":[76],"technologies":[77],"like":[78],"distributed":[79],"LiDAR.":[83],"Detailed":[84],"small\u2010scale":[85],"physics":[87],"now":[89,173],"explored":[91],"with":[92,178],"techniques":[94,136],"using":[95],"light,":[96],"stereo\u2010imaging":[98],"polarimetry.":[100],"Reductions":[101],"in":[102,119],"size,":[104],"cost,":[105],"power":[107],"consumption":[108],"microelectronics":[110],"have":[111,210],"propagated":[112],"through":[113],"instrumentation,":[116],"most":[117,163],"notably":[118],"buoys.":[121],"Global":[122],"networks":[123],"freely":[125],"drifting":[126],"miniature":[127],"buoys":[129],"offer":[130],"novel":[131],"observational":[132],"capabilities.":[133],"Remote":[134],"based":[137],"radar":[139],"LiDAR":[141],"evolve":[144],"widely":[147],"deployed":[148],"from":[149],"land,":[150],"ships,":[151],"aircraft,":[152],"autonomous":[153,186],"vehicles,":[154],"satellites.":[156],"Spaceborne":[157],"altimeters":[158],"form":[159],"one":[160],"important":[164],"records":[165],"height,":[168],"new":[170],"spaceborne":[171],"sensors":[172],"observe":[174],"directional":[175],"spectra":[176],"globally":[177],"sampling":[179,190],"akin":[180],"altimetry.":[183],"Aircraft":[184],"systems":[187],"provide":[188],"strategic":[189],"capabilities":[191],"detailed":[193],"studies":[195],"access":[197],"extreme":[199],"storm":[200],"environments.":[201],"The":[202],"quality":[203],"quantity":[205],"measurements":[209],"never":[211],"been":[212],"greater.":[213],"review":[215],"aims":[216],"help":[218],"make":[219],"sense":[220],"it":[222],"all.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-07-01T00:00:00"}
