{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411760488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020","title":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:, \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:, \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411760488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33843/1152-013-001-020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306537693","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118680719","display_name":"\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0649","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118680719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3348346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"381","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.4154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.4154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13441","display_name":"Ottoman Empire History and Society","score":0.3833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.06800000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-community","display_name":"Christian community","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ottoman-empire","display_name":"Ottoman Empire","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millet-system","display_name":"millet system","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-minorities","display_name":"religious minorities","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-councils","display_name":"church councils","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-education","display_name":"religious education","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-intervention","display_name":"European intervention","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-schools","display_name":"Christian schools","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secularism","display_name":"secularism","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3183843493461609}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33843/1152-013-001-020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33843/1152-013-001-020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306537693","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq:article/861","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq/index.php/index/article/view/861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738112740","display_name":"Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies","issn_l":"2227-2895","issn":["2227-2895","2313-0059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2227-2895","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218180491","https://openalex.org/W7162857638","https://openalex.org/W365042379","https://openalex.org/W2770227927","https://openalex.org/W4312837058","https://openalex.org/W3106717341","https://openalex.org/W3015358635","https://openalex.org/W7220849943","https://openalex.org/W4387631910","https://openalex.org/W2982074526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646":[0],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[2],"\u0641\u064a":[3,12,24,49,76,106,125,160,171],"\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647":[4],"\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634":[5],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629":[6,21],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[7,18,84],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[8,19,85],"\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647":[9],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629":[10],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629":[11,124],"\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f":[13,126],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645":[14,127],"\u060c":[15,39,82,137,145],"\u0641\u0642\u062f":[16,146],"\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a":[17],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[20,28,102,158],"\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639":[23],"\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[27],"\u0645\u0627":[29,78],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[30],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647":[31],"\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627":[32,48],"\u0645\u0639":[33,57],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646":[35],"\u0645\u0646":[36,63,87,115,150,152,178],"\u0623\u0647\u0644":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641":[38,123],"\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[40],"\u0643\u0644":[41,77],"\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629":[42,134],"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629":[43],"\u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627":[44],"\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[45],"\u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a":[46],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629":[51],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629":[52],"\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627":[53],"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b":[54],"\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629":[55],"\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644":[56],"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633":[58],"\u062e\u0627\u0635":[59],"\u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647":[60],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633":[61],"\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641":[62],"\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646":[64],"\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a":[65],"\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a":[66],"\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633":[68],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629":[69],"\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629":[72],"\u0623\u0648":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[75],"\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642":[79],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629":[81],"\u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645":[86,103,112],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631":[88],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629":[89],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646":[90],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628":[91],"\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645":[92],"\u062d\u0642":[93],"\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633":[95,100],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629":[96],"\u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627":[97],"\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[98],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[99],"\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a":[104],"\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639":[108],"\u0639\u0634\u0631":[109],"\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[110],"\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b":[113,176],".":[114,181],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[117],"\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[119,132],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[120],"\u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629":[121],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[122],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631":[129],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[130],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[131],"\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627":[133],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[135],"\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[136],"\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c":[138],"\u0639\u0646":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644":[140],"\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631":[141],"\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629":[142],"\u0648":[143],"\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647":[144],"\u0623\u062c\u062c\u062a":[147],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646":[148],"\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631":[149],"\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646":[151],"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646":[153],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[154],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a":[155],"\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647":[156],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[161],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f":[162],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631":[163],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645":[164,175],"\u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f":[165],"\u0623\u0646":[166],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629":[167],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629":[168],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[169],"\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a":[170],"\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a":[172],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631":[173],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a":[174],"\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627":[177],"\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a":[179],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
