{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411602002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","title":"Risk factors for atopic and non-atopic asthma in school-age children from high-income and low- and middle-income countries","display_name":"Risk factors for atopic and non-atopic asthma in school-age children from high-income and low- and middle-income countries","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411602002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062976290","display_name":"Charlotte E Rutter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-7932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-7932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte E Rutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK charlotte.rutter1@lshtm.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-7932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK charlotte.rutter1@lshtm.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033090746","display_name":"Harriet Mpairwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-4859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-4859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277452","display_name":"MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzk8434","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91369620","display_name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04509n826","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harriet Mpairwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026107760","display_name":"Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-6188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-6188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126158947","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3p7647","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camila A Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112903388","display_name":"Mary Mukami Njoroge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1918-2809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1918-2809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Njoroge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Steven Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trials Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043967886","display_name":"Hajar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-5552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hajar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003749792","display_name":"Collin Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-2246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-2246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022289377","display_name":"Jeroen E. Douwes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-4036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-4036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen Douwes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072938610","display_name":"Philip J. Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140740","display_name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf2rc74","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]}],"countries":["EC","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip J Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador","Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s University of London, London, UK","School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador","Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013693596","display_name":"Martha E. Chico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-1044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-1044"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Chico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundacion Ecuatoriana Para La Investigacion en Salud, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064329985","display_name":"Nat\u00e1lia Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-3496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-3496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140740","display_name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf2rc74","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256024","display_name":"Grups de Recerca d'Am\u00e8rica i \u00c0frica Llatines - GRAAL","ror":"https://ror.org/03p47p764","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256024"]}],"countries":["EC","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Romero-Sandoval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grups de Recerca d\u2019America i Africa Llatines (GRAAL), Barcelona, Spain","School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador","Grups de Recerca d'America i Africa Llatines (GRAAL), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grups de Recerca d\u2019America i Africa Llatines (GRAAL), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grups de Recerca d'America i Africa Llatines (GRAAL), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u00c1lvaro A Cruz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126158947","display_name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3p7647","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro A Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["PROAR, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PROAR, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126158947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082259319","display_name":"Pius Tumwesige","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277452","display_name":"MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzk8434","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91369620","display_name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04509n826","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pius Tumwesige","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042413273","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio L. Barreto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-4930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-4930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52325","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/04jhswv08","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52325"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio L Barreto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061652194","display_name":"Neil Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-7852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-7852","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3182-7268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051944739","display_name":"Lucy Pembrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-7469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-7469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Pembrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-7469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65458145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"12","first_page":"945","last_page":"954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-asthma","display_name":"allergic asthma","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-allergic-asthma","display_name":"non-allergic asthma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atopy","display_name":"atopy","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-risk-factors","display_name":"asthma risk factors","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-phenotypes","display_name":"asthma phenotypes","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-indoor-air-quality","display_name":"residential air quality","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-conditions","display_name":"housing conditions","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pet","display_name":"PET","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet","display_name":"diet","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating","display_name":"heating","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-factors","display_name":"family factors","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777697326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757678","display_name":"Atopy","level":3,"score":0.968547523021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.9318813681602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8186769485473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6205193996429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.48599132895469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4820069372653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.42959272861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268667","display_name":"Atopic dermatitis","level":2,"score":0.42762988805770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.38053369522094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2877078354358673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006969","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Immediate","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006969","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Immediate","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006969","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Immediate","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006969","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Immediate","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006969","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Immediate","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40555500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.sgul.ac.uk:117707","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117707/1/CAMERA_WP1_risk_factors_Maindoc_accepted_plus_figs.docx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400552","display_name":"St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","host_organization_name":"St George's, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4676203","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-7932>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arca.fiocruz.br:icict/76006","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/76006","pdf_url":"https://arca.fiocruz.br/bitstreams/dc638665-a486-411b-8e76-bccbf0e53783/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055450","display_name":"Arca - Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da Fiocruz","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12703255","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12703255/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2024-222118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106546978","display_name":"Thorax","issn_l":"0040-6376","issn":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thorax","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G131778875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"308521/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1684393010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217065/Z/19/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1793884970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217065/Z/19/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320360","funder_display_name":"University of Bristol"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1956345030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"072405/Z/03/Z)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2850493970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217065/Z/19/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G305320770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3653777572","display_name":"The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): A multi- generation, longitudinal resource focusing on life course health and well- being.","funder_award_id":"217065/Z/19/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3987754321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"217065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5182185560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNE0003/2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323681","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547499094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"072405/Z/03/Z/WT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5511048553","display_name":"The impact of urbanization, migration and changes in lifestyle and in exposure to infection on frequency of atopic diseases in Latin America","funder_award_id":"072405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6513397605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7923631713","display_name":"Understanding asthma phenotypes: going beyond the atopic/non-atopic paradigm","funder_award_id":"668954","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7972489468","display_name":"The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): A multi-generation, longitudinal resource focusing on life course health and well-being.","funder_award_id":"217065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7993311371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNX0001/2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323681","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320360","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323681","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","ror":"https://ror.org/0473khm44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330584","display_name":"Conselho Nacional das Funda\u00e7\u00f5es Estaduais de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/05vkxf738"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1201749067","https://openalex.org/W2067324660","https://openalex.org/W2104621557","https://openalex.org/W2110473894","https://openalex.org/W2112982861","https://openalex.org/W2116221877","https://openalex.org/W2118252995","https://openalex.org/W2121804671","https://openalex.org/W2123263006","https://openalex.org/W2126860360","https://openalex.org/W2143509157","https://openalex.org/W2144020033","https://openalex.org/W2579779633","https://openalex.org/W2598332240","https://openalex.org/W2888190336","https://openalex.org/W2902915599","https://openalex.org/W3038511951","https://openalex.org/W3208739820","https://openalex.org/W4293567752","https://openalex.org/W4390751015","https://openalex.org/W6617219922","https://openalex.org/W6892391713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1947307702","https://openalex.org/W2006133033","https://openalex.org/W1968123320","https://openalex.org/W2399518039","https://openalex.org/W2101196879","https://openalex.org/W2041564273","https://openalex.org/W4362473630","https://openalex.org/W1963871389","https://openalex.org/W1982023818","https://openalex.org/W1804822064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,22,236,245],"well":[3,19],"established":[4],"that":[5,197],"there":[6],"are":[7,18,212],"different":[8],"asthma":[9,16,26,58,211],"phenotypes,":[10],"but":[11,150],"whereas":[12],"determinants":[13],"of":[14,47,121,136,203,229,240],"atopic":[15],"(AA)":[17],"studied,":[20],"little":[21],"known":[23],"about":[24,226],"non-atopic":[25],"(NAA).":[27],"We":[28,116],"compared":[29,117],"risk":[30,70,89,122,178,202,206],"factors":[31,71,90,123,161,179,207],"for":[32,65,208],"atopy,":[33],"AA":[34,155],"in":[35,39,41,43,216,231],"atopics":[36],"and":[37,60,78,156,167,184,219],"NAA":[38],"non-atopics":[40],"children":[42,66,139],"a":[44],"wide":[45],"variety":[46],"countries.":[48],"METHODS:":[49],"Using":[50,82],"four":[51,92],"studies,":[52],"across":[53],"23":[54],"countries,":[55],"we":[56,87],"assessed":[57,88],"status":[59],"atopy":[61,103,144,149,199,230],"(skin":[62],"prick":[63],"tests)":[64],"aged":[67],"6-17,":[68],"plus":[69],"from":[72],"housing,":[73],"heating,":[74],"pets,":[75],"family,":[76],"diet":[77],"air":[79],"quality":[80],"categories.":[81],"mixed-effects":[83],"logistic":[84],"regression":[85],"models,":[86],"over":[91],"pathways:":[93],"pathway":[94,99,106,111,165,168,182,185],"1-non-atopic":[95],"non-asthma":[96,101,108,113],"to":[97,102,109,114,174,191],"NAA;":[98],"2-non-atopic":[100],"(no":[104],"asthma);":[105],"3-atopic":[107],"AA;":[110],"4-non-atopic":[112],"AA.":[115],"the":[118,127,201,205,214,227,241],"log":[119],"odds":[120],"between":[124,164,181],"pathways":[125],"using":[126],"Pearson":[128],"correlation":[129],"coefficient":[130],"(PCC).":[131],"RESULTS:":[132],"Our":[133],"final":[134],"sample":[135],"32":[137],"741":[138],"comprised":[140],"67%":[141],"with":[142,148,154,158,218],"neither":[143],"nor":[145],"asthma,":[146,152,204,232],"15%":[147],"without":[151,220],"8%":[153],"10%":[157],"NAA.":[159],"Risk":[160],"were":[162],"similar":[163],"1":[166],"3":[169,186],"(PCC=0.81,":[170],"95%":[171,188],"CI":[172,189],"0.68":[173],"0.94).":[175],"In":[176],"contrast,":[177],"differed":[180],"2":[183],"(PCC=-0.06,":[187],"-0.29":[190],"0.17).":[192],"DISCUSSION:":[193],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"indicate":[196],"although":[198],"increases":[200],"subsequently":[209],"developing":[210],"generally":[213],"same":[215],"those":[217],"atopy.":[221],"This":[222],"raises":[223],"important":[224],"questions":[225],"role":[228],"particularly":[233],"whether":[234],"it":[235],"an":[237],"inherent":[238],"part":[239],"aetiological":[242],"process":[243],"or":[244],"coincidental.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
