{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411591997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","title":"Identification of hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy: A multi\u2010omics study integrating machine learning, mendelian randomization and mediation analysis","display_name":"Identification of hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy: A multi\u2010omics study integrating machine learning, mendelian randomization and mediation analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411591997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/dom.16536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148394532","display_name":"Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism","issn_l":"1462-8902","issn":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0610-1864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0610-1864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0610-1864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109671431","display_name":"Huidi Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huidi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023149015","display_name":"Yanqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-8899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-8899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324220072","display_name":"Mount Sinai Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkyz108","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I1324220072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital  New York USA","School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA","School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-8899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital  New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324220072","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324220072","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111265438","display_name":"Xiaojie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-5768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-5768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023149015","https://openalex.org/A5111265438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324220072","https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I98704320"],"apc_list":{"value":5380,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5380},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96352034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"4927","last_page":"4941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hub-genes","display_name":"hub genes","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-biomarkers","display_name":"diagnostic biomarkers","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thbs2","display_name":"thrombospondin-2","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-metabolite-interactions","display_name":"gene-metabolite interactions","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumican","display_name":"lumican","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esm1","display_name":"ESM1","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/versican","display_name":"versican","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lox","display_name":"LOX","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g0s2","display_name":"G0S2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uromodulin","display_name":"uromodulin","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-mouse-model","display_name":"diabetic mouse model","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney","display_name":"kidney","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.8757665753364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8010463714599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6792622208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6274787187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5355913639068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.5230156779289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5002567768096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4265497326850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.41333216428756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3973091244697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3173942565917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25064849853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.16278424859046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.15561717748641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12095335125923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.06840232014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081983","descriptor_name":"Mediation Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081983","descriptor_name":"Mediation Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081983","descriptor_name":"Mediation Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000095028","descriptor_name":"Multiomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000095028","descriptor_name":"Multiomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000095028","descriptor_name":"Multiomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003928","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Nephropathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053263","descriptor_name":"Gene Regulatory Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/dom.16536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148394532","display_name":"Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism","issn_l":"1462-8902","issn":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40555691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes, obesity & metabolism","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2549291292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR202102240178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7215741301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82170734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490161904","https://openalex.org/W1690261437","https://openalex.org/W1966327575","https://openalex.org/W2100707728","https://openalex.org/W2107746364","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2147888063","https://openalex.org/W2169640896","https://openalex.org/W2295182096","https://openalex.org/W2344377904","https://openalex.org/W2508318399","https://openalex.org/W2566802298","https://openalex.org/W2590037789","https://openalex.org/W2758102624","https://openalex.org/W2782023847","https://openalex.org/W2787269887","https://openalex.org/W2796036946","https://openalex.org/W2803072880","https://openalex.org/W2805120615","https://openalex.org/W2897326053","https://openalex.org/W2902798453","https://openalex.org/W2968338924","https://openalex.org/W2977182596","https://openalex.org/W3003742255","https://openalex.org/W3005957464","https://openalex.org/W3007002887","https://openalex.org/W3011639338","https://openalex.org/W3120106258","https://openalex.org/W3121044844","https://openalex.org/W3145943106","https://openalex.org/W3167271999","https://openalex.org/W3176692999","https://openalex.org/W3194043508","https://openalex.org/W3197270167","https://openalex.org/W3212912914","https://openalex.org/W3214205348","https://openalex.org/W4210259876","https://openalex.org/W4230331130","https://openalex.org/W4255815262","https://openalex.org/W4281617362","https://openalex.org/W4285734376","https://openalex.org/W4286203313","https://openalex.org/W4294216483","https://openalex.org/W4308040595","https://openalex.org/W4308803512","https://openalex.org/W4311707590","https://openalex.org/W4315779240","https://openalex.org/W4321498847","https://openalex.org/W4383721284","https://openalex.org/W4384664785","https://openalex.org/W4385422413","https://openalex.org/W4386985976","https://openalex.org/W4390765760","https://openalex.org/W4391681502","https://openalex.org/W4397039908","https://openalex.org/W4399096432","https://openalex.org/W4399523675","https://openalex.org/W4405551682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901309888","https://openalex.org/W2169283889","https://openalex.org/W4210703904","https://openalex.org/W2052821216","https://openalex.org/W4404875725","https://openalex.org/W2036527494","https://openalex.org/W2610080820","https://openalex.org/W4294125588","https://openalex.org/W2416849719","https://openalex.org/W2015148400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Diabetic":[1],"nephropathy":[2],"(DN),":[3],"affecting":[4],"30%-40%":[5],"of":[6,13,111,175],"diabetic":[7,123,198],"patients,":[8],"is":[9],"the":[10],"leading":[11],"cause":[12],"end-stage":[14],"renal":[15],"disease":[16],"worldwide.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"aims":[20],"to":[21,61,105],"identify":[22,62],"diagnostic":[23,131,219],"biomarkers":[24],"and":[25,37,57,72,122,139,197,210,231],"explore":[26,106],"potential":[27,218],"gene-metabolite":[28],"interactions":[29],"in":[30,116,191],"DN":[31,73,119,151,171,193,229],"pathogenesis":[32,230],"through":[33,47,173],"integrated":[34],"bioinformatics":[35,203,208],"approaches":[36],"experimental":[38,211],"validation.":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"We":[41,99],"analysed":[42],"Gene":[43],"Expression":[44],"Omnibus":[45],"datasets":[46],"differential":[48],"expression":[49,110,188],"analysis,":[50,143],"weighted":[51,91],"gene":[52],"co-expression":[53],"network":[54],"analysis":[55,80,97,104,128,165,209],"(WGCNA)":[56],"machine":[58],"learning":[59],"algorithms":[60],"key":[63],"DN-associated":[64],"genes.":[65],"The":[66,109],"causal":[67,148],"relationships":[68],"between":[69],"candidate":[70],"genes":[71,113,132],"were":[74],"investigated":[75],"using":[76],"Mendelian":[77],"randomization":[78],"(MR)":[79],"with":[81,150],"cis-expression":[82],"quantitative":[83],"trait":[84],"loci":[85],"data,":[86],"which":[87],"random-effects":[88],"inverse":[89],"variance":[90],"(IVW)":[92],"method":[93],"was":[94,114,189],"our":[95,202],"primary":[96],"approach.":[98],"then":[100],"employed":[101],"mediating":[102],"MR":[103,142],"metabolite-mediated":[107],"pathways.":[108],"identified":[112,129,214],"validated":[115],"both":[117,192],"human":[118],"kidney":[120,195],"samples":[121,196],"mouse":[124,199],"models.":[125],"RESULTS:":[126],"Our":[127],"seven":[130],"(LUM,":[133],"ESM1,":[134],"VCAN,":[135],"LOX,":[136],"G0S2,":[137],"THBS2":[138,144,168,187,215],"UMOD).":[140],"Through":[141,206],"showed":[145],"a":[146,217],"significant":[147],"association":[149],"outcomes":[152],"(OR":[153],"=":[154,161,180,183],"1.1653,":[155],"95%":[156],"CI":[157],"[1.0103,":[158],"1.3441],":[159],"p":[160,182],"0.0357).":[162],"Subsequent":[163],"mediation":[164],"suggested":[166],"that":[167],"may":[169],"influence":[170],"development":[172],"modulation":[174],"N-acetyl-beta-alanine":[176],"levels":[177],"(mediating":[178],"effect":[179],"17.85%,":[181],"0.02).":[184],"Importantly,":[185],"elevated":[186],"confirmed":[190],"patient":[194],"models,":[200],"validating":[201],"findings.":[204],"CONCLUSIONS:":[205],"comprehensive":[207],"validation,":[212],"we":[213],"as":[216],"marker":[220],"for":[221,234],"DN.":[222],"These":[223],"findings":[224],"provide":[225],"new":[226],"insights":[227],"into":[228],"suggest":[232],"directions":[233],"future":[235],"therapeutic":[236],"strategies.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}