{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411535554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","title":"Pediatric Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: Focus on Ocular Involvement and Diagnostic Challenges","display_name":"Pediatric Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: Focus on Ocular Involvement and Diagnostic Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411535554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731758","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12300881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/medicina61071128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1128/pdf?version=1750667470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1008817457","display_name":"Medicina","issn_l":"1010-660X","issn":["1010-660X","1648-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1128/pdf?version=1750667470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022961442","display_name":"Emanuela Del Giudice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-4884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-4884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emanuela Del Giudice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-4884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040544717","display_name":"Maria Carmela Saturno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-4788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-4788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Carmela Saturno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-4788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012561655","display_name":"Maria Grazia Fiorino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Grazia Fiorino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106512409","display_name":"Danilo Iannetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-4578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-4578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Iannetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-4578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051592629","display_name":"Luca Spadea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-6995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-6995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Spadea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-6995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074377589","display_name":"Vanessa Martucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-4574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-4574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanessa Martucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022176475","display_name":"Alessia Marcellino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-9231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-9231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessia Marcellino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-9231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041221667","display_name":"Mariateresa Sanseviero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-6648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-6648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariateresa Sanseviero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-6648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057191809","display_name":"Angela Mauro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-3409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-3409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156709","display_name":"ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco","ror":"https://ror.org/05dy5ab02","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156709"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Mauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli\u2014Sacco Hospital, 20121 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-3409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli\u2014Sacco Hospital, 20121 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108673251","display_name":"Sandra Cinzia Carlesimo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Cinzia Carlesimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001613796","display_name":"Nicola Nante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-9562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-9562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Nante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-9562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072287871","display_name":"Giovanni Guarducci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-7294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-7294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099715","display_name":"Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/00jhp9q75","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099715"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Guarducci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Healthcare Management, Local Health Authority of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy","Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-7294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Management, Local Health Authority of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099715"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009092133","display_name":"Leopoldo Spadea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leopoldo Spadea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-3956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054086096","display_name":"Riccardo Lubrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-955X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-955X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Lubrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-955X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008449155","display_name":"Maria Pia Paroli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-4774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-4774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Pia Paroli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-4774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008449155","https://openalex.org/A5022961442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443","https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.9599,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.662158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"7","first_page":"1128","last_page":"1128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.04270000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-manifestations","display_name":"ocular manifestations","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tear-film-instability","display_name":"tear film instability","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tear-film-break-up-time","display_name":"tear film break-up time","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schirmer-test","display_name":"Schirmer test","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meibomian-gland-dysfunction","display_name":"meibomian gland dysfunction","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blepharitis","display_name":"blepharitis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minor-salivary-gland-biopsy","display_name":"minor salivary gland biopsy","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-ssa-ro-antibodies","display_name":"anti-SSA/Ro antibodies","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease-diagnosis","display_name":"autoimmune disease diagnosis","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5255245566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44724196195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4258929491043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3732645511627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07737955451011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05452847480773926}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012859","descriptor_name":"Sjogren's Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012859","descriptor_name":"Sjogren's Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012859","descriptor_name":"Sjogren's Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013666","descriptor_name":"Tears","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/medicina61071128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1128/pdf?version=1750667470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1008817457","display_name":"Medicina","issn_l":"1010-660X","issn":["1010-660X","1648-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40731758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40731758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12300881","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12300881/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina (Kaunas)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10c7168abb4640969895ff96dc891613","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10c7168abb4640969895ff96dc891613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medicina, Vol 61, Iss 7, p 1128 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1742033","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1742033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/medicina61071128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1128/pdf?version=1750667470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1008817457","display_name":"Medicina","issn_l":"1010-660X","issn":["1010-660X","1648-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411535554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411535554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607038250","https://openalex.org/W1969801895","https://openalex.org/W2017973179","https://openalex.org/W2063431896","https://openalex.org/W2072761275","https://openalex.org/W2085898619","https://openalex.org/W2088569154","https://openalex.org/W2129689791","https://openalex.org/W2163785631","https://openalex.org/W2317464210","https://openalex.org/W2600898885","https://openalex.org/W2619797636","https://openalex.org/W2737224973","https://openalex.org/W2737787547","https://openalex.org/W2767073127","https://openalex.org/W2884316338","https://openalex.org/W2909393719","https://openalex.org/W2938475928","https://openalex.org/W2956149981","https://openalex.org/W3022289262","https://openalex.org/W3034058204","https://openalex.org/W3081671095","https://openalex.org/W3087000402","https://openalex.org/W3088256011","https://openalex.org/W3094042436","https://openalex.org/W3112779562","https://openalex.org/W3112803770","https://openalex.org/W3135830949","https://openalex.org/W3184544430","https://openalex.org/W3198809515","https://openalex.org/W4205238704","https://openalex.org/W4211082175","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4409328760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125483703","https://openalex.org/W2409672619","https://openalex.org/W4405649474","https://openalex.org/W2951825160","https://openalex.org/W2950811648","https://openalex.org/W7117591665","https://openalex.org/W4387616795","https://openalex.org/W7119537599","https://openalex.org/W4400036298","https://openalex.org/W1487127719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,16,40,59,68,72,85,124,140,145,167,186,191,198],"Objectives:":[2],"Pediatric":[3],"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s":[4,55,179],"syndrome":[5,180],"is":[6],"a":[7,12,63],"rare":[8],"autoimmune":[9],"disease":[10],"with":[11,54,62,129,170,189],"heterogeneous":[13],"clinical":[14,69,168],"expression":[15],"limited":[17],"pediatric-specific":[18],"diagnostic":[19,45,196],"criteria.":[20],"Ocular":[21],"involvement":[22],"often":[23],"represents":[24],"an":[25,175],"early":[26,66,176],"manifestation,":[27],"yet":[28],"it":[29],"may":[30,194],"go":[31],"unrecognized":[32],"in":[33,121,126,155,181],"children":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,173,203],"poor":[37],"symptom":[38],"reporting":[39],"the":[41,162],"underuse":[42],"of":[43,164,178],"objective":[44],"tools.":[46],"This":[47],"retrospective":[48],"study":[49],"evaluated":[50],"six":[51],"pediatric":[52,182],"patients":[53,75,123],"syndrome,":[56],"integrating":[57],"systemic":[58],"ocular":[60],"findings":[61,160],"focus":[64],"on":[65],"immunological":[67],"markers.":[70],"Materials":[71],"Methods:":[73],"All":[74],"underwent":[76],"ophthalmological":[77,171],"assessments,":[78],"including":[79],"tear":[80,95,119],"break-up":[81,90],"time,":[82],"Schirmer\u2019s":[83,110],"test,":[84],"slit-lamp":[86,187],"examination.":[87],"Results:":[88],"Tear":[89],"time":[91],"values":[92],"consistently":[93],"indicated":[94],"film":[96],"instability":[97],"(mean":[98],"RE":[99],"7.4":[100],"\u00b1":[101,106],"2.5":[102],"s;":[103],"LE":[104],"7.7":[105],"2.3":[107],"s),":[108],"while":[109],"test":[111],"showed":[112],"greater":[113],"variability.":[114],"Slit-lamp":[115],"examination":[116],"revealed":[117],"inhomogeneous":[118],"films":[120],"all":[122,156],"blepharitis":[125],"66.7%,":[127],"consistent":[128],"Meibomian":[130],"gland":[131,150],"dysfunction.":[132],"Systemic":[133],"features":[134],"included":[135],"arthralgia,":[136],"Raynaud\u2019s":[137],"phenomenon,":[138],"fatigue,":[139],"frequent":[141],"seropositivity":[142],"for":[143],"ANA":[144],"anti-SSA/Ro":[146],"antibodies.":[147],"Minor":[148],"salivary":[149],"biopsy":[151],"confirmed":[152],"lymphoepithelial":[153],"sialadenitis":[154],"cases.":[157],"Conclusions:":[158],"These":[159],"highlight":[161],"importance":[163],"combining":[165],"laboratory":[166],"markers":[169],"parameters":[172],"support":[174],"diagnosis":[177],"patients.":[183],"Integrating":[184],"TBUT":[185],"evaluation":[188],"serological":[190],"histopathological":[192],"data":[193],"enhance":[195],"accuracy":[197],"guide":[199],"timely,":[200],"targeted":[201],"intervention":[202],"prevent":[204],"long-term":[205],"complications.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}