{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411488339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","title":"The unintended consequences of trade protection on the environment","display_name":"The unintended consequences of trade protection on the environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411488339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/296697/1/WP23_23.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015170191","display_name":"Taipeng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taipeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044059688","display_name":"Lorenzo Trimarchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149768937","display_name":"University of Namur","ror":"https://ror.org/03d1maw17","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149768937"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Trimarchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Namur, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149768937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102600864","display_name":"Guohao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1682-3363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1682-3363","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8818-8931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044059688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149768937"],"apc_list":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1428,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98703948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"178","issue":null,"first_page":"103547","last_page":"103547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-china-trade-war","display_name":"US-China trade war","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-incentives","display_name":"political incentives","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-to-the-bottom","display_name":"race to the bottom","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deregulation","display_name":"deregulation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion-probability","display_name":"promotion probability","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-institutions","display_name":"environmental institutions","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.6945159435272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4797604978084564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4541172981262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3926549553871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3315465450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17692503333091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/364362","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/364362/3/2023-16-LI_TRIMARCHI_XIE_YANG.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/364362/3/2023-16-LI_TRIMARCHI_XIE_YANG.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nam:defipp:2303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://defipp.unamur.be/wp/defipp_wp_2023_3.pdf","pdf_url":"https://defipp.unamur.be/wp/defipp_wp_2023_3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/296697","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/296697","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/296697/1/WP23_23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/364362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/364362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ECARES Working Papers; 2023-16","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.unamur.be:openaire_cris_publications/94e68788-406b-4b49-8e7c-28dba02ac1c7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.unamur.be/en/publications/94e68788-406b-4b49-8e7c-28dba02ac1c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922457","display_name":"Repository of the University of Namur","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, T, Trimarchi, L, Xie, R & Yang, G 2026, 'The unintended consequences of trade protection on the environment', Journal of Development Economics, vol. 178, 103547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103547","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/25222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/25222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/296697","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/296697","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/296697/1/WP23_23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6404968876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"O020918F","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","funder_display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334968","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335302","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Namur","ror":"https://ror.org/03d1maw17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337998","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Excellent Science","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411488339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411488339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536948983","https://openalex.org/W1823439115","https://openalex.org/W1981699512","https://openalex.org/W2021266269","https://openalex.org/W2030576955","https://openalex.org/W2044948141","https://openalex.org/W2056049054","https://openalex.org/W2081834219","https://openalex.org/W2088780245","https://openalex.org/W2090841340","https://openalex.org/W2097916756","https://openalex.org/W2101207008","https://openalex.org/W2124940158","https://openalex.org/W2130009647","https://openalex.org/W2132765970","https://openalex.org/W2168707163","https://openalex.org/W2215881695","https://openalex.org/W2555110089","https://openalex.org/W2574424969","https://openalex.org/W2602170431","https://openalex.org/W2725438742","https://openalex.org/W2758656006","https://openalex.org/W2762794668","https://openalex.org/W2793759314","https://openalex.org/W2797336290","https://openalex.org/W2807611776","https://openalex.org/W2809238378","https://openalex.org/W2891096626","https://openalex.org/W2922100653","https://openalex.org/W2953407895","https://openalex.org/W2953426553","https://openalex.org/W2982296987","https://openalex.org/W2982654721","https://openalex.org/W3011831767","https://openalex.org/W3036636794","https://openalex.org/W3093975245","https://openalex.org/W3123435827","https://openalex.org/W3124366560","https://openalex.org/W3125168410","https://openalex.org/W3125743621","https://openalex.org/W3125915126","https://openalex.org/W3126119665","https://openalex.org/W3134525892","https://openalex.org/W3138555112","https://openalex.org/W3171913071","https://openalex.org/W3175221418","https://openalex.org/W3186209717","https://openalex.org/W3195237262","https://openalex.org/W3216780110","https://openalex.org/W4200452078","https://openalex.org/W4248482545","https://openalex.org/W4250171390","https://openalex.org/W4307288613","https://openalex.org/W4391451012","https://openalex.org/W4394866005","https://openalex.org/W4399216638","https://openalex.org/W4399261977","https://openalex.org/W4405921037","https://openalex.org/W6679351206","https://openalex.org/W6772578187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4367679432","https://openalex.org/W4248277314","https://openalex.org/W4387098652","https://openalex.org/W4380051107","https://openalex.org/W2964483883","https://openalex.org/W373218569","https://openalex.org/W2530106432","https://openalex.org/W1589616774","https://openalex.org/W2981196688"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}