{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411463189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","title":"Strategic Questioning in EFL Classrooms: A Closer Look at Higher-Order, Factual, Probing, and Divergent Questions","display_name":"Strategic Questioning in EFL Classrooms: A Closer Look at Higher-Order, Factual, Probing, and Divergent Questions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411463189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171807","display_name":"Eduvelop Journal of English Education and Development","issn_l":"2597-713X","issn":["2597-713X","2597-7148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404673986","host_organization_name":"West Sulawesi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404673986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["West Sulawesi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eduvelop: Journal of English Education and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116614782","display_name":"Nur Aeni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Aeni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026791366","display_name":"Amra Ariyani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amra Ariyani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93302502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-questioning","display_name":"teacher questioning","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questioning-strategies","display_name":"questioning strategies","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-classroom","display_name":"EFL classroom","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-questions","display_name":"higher-order questions","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factual-questions","display_name":"factual questions","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probing-questions","display_name":"probing questions","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergent-questions","display_name":"divergent questions","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creative-thinking","display_name":"creative thinking","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junior-high-school-students","display_name":"junior high school students","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6447361707687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6088261604309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777004525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757990","display_name":"Higher-order thinking","level":4,"score":0.567470371723175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5287154316902161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.46521639823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174594037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926165","display_name":"Socratic questioning","level":3,"score":0.4520421624183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.44455182552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.43068066239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.3907014727592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16286897659301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08253556489944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141259","display_name":"Cognitively Guided Instruction","level":3,"score":0.07398253679275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2801541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839475","display_name":"Socratic method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171807","display_name":"Eduvelop Journal of English Education and Development","issn_l":"2597-713X","issn":["2597-713X","2597-7148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404673986","host_organization_name":"West Sulawesi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404673986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["West Sulawesi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eduvelop: Journal of English Education and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171807","display_name":"Eduvelop Journal of English Education and Development","issn_l":"2597-713X","issn":["2597-713X","2597-7148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404673986","host_organization_name":"West Sulawesi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404673986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["West Sulawesi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eduvelop: Journal of English Education and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547614469","https://openalex.org/W3005167157","https://openalex.org/W3200908540","https://openalex.org/W4379365077","https://openalex.org/W4292615739","https://openalex.org/W2213692555","https://openalex.org/W4212870549","https://openalex.org/W3094247468","https://openalex.org/W4388813961","https://openalex.org/W2121606413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,100,157],"study":[1,18,120,158],"aimed":[2,19],"to":[3,20,91,107,160,193,197],"investigate":[4],"how":[5,176],"English":[6,27],"teachers'":[7],"questioning":[8,67,114,140,167,177,195],"techniques":[9,115,196],"affected":[10],"their":[11,32,98,150],"students'":[12],"cognitive":[13,184],"growth":[14],"and":[15,36,42,74,95,129,146,149,183],"engagement.":[16],"The":[17,59,119],"determine":[21],"the":[22,52,57,111,137,161],"kinds":[23],"of":[24,113,139,164],"questions":[25,78,88],"that":[26,62],"teachers":[28],"employ":[29],"when":[30],"instructing":[31],"students.":[33],"Classroom":[34],"observations":[35],"semi-structured":[37],"interviews":[38],"with":[39],"two":[40],"instructors":[41],"twenty":[43],"students":[44,90],"from":[45,104],"SMP":[46],"Negeri":[47],"49":[48],"Makassar":[49],"were":[50],"among":[51],"qualitative":[53],"approaches":[54],"used":[55,65],"in":[56,116,169],"study.":[58],"results":[60],"showed":[61],"both":[63],"professors":[64],"various":[66],"techniques,":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"factual,":[71],"higher-order,":[72],"divergent,":[73],"probing":[75,87],"questions.":[76],"Divergent":[77],"promoted":[79],"creative":[80],"thinking":[81],"by":[82],"permitting":[83],"numerous":[84],"responses,":[85],"whereas":[86],"prompted":[89],"consider":[92],"more":[93],"deeply":[94],"elaborate":[96],"on":[97,110,153,166],"solutions.":[99],"study's":[101],"importance":[102],"stems":[103],"its":[105],"ability":[106],"shed":[108],"light":[109],"function":[112],"EFL":[117,170],"classes.":[118],"also":[121,187],"offers":[122,188],"practical":[123,189],"implications":[124],"for":[125,191],"improving":[126],"teaching":[127,199],"practices":[128],"student":[130,181],"learning":[131,147],"outcomes.":[132],"Future":[133],"research":[134,165],"could":[135],"explore":[136],"impact":[138],"strategies":[141,168],"across":[142],"different":[143],"educational":[144],"contexts":[145],"levels":[148],"long-term":[151],"effects":[152],"students\u2019":[154],"academic":[155],"performance.":[156],"contributes":[159],"growing":[162],"body":[163],"classrooms,":[171],"providing":[172],"valuable":[173],"insights":[174],"into":[175],"methods":[178],"can":[179],"improve":[180],"engagement":[182],"development.":[185],"It":[186],"recommendations":[190],"educators":[192],"optimize":[194],"enhance":[198],"effectiveness.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}