{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411413745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","title":"Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Treatment of Depression","display_name":"Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Treatment of Depression","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411413745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40531534","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12177679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2835422/ren_2025_oi_250517_1749569132.63764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2835422/ren_2025_oi_250517_1749569132.63764.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616778","display_name":"Caili Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-2427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-2427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caili Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079189028","display_name":"Sandeep R. Pagali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-1026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-1026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep R. Pagali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422359","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-7907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051013000","display_name":"Simon Kung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-8312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-8312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Kung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Renu Bhargavi Boyapati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105069","display_name":"Baton Rouge General","ror":"https://ror.org/01jkgrc45","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105069"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renu Bhargavi Boyapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baton Rouge General Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","Mayo Clinic Office of Postdoctoral Affairs and Research Training, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baton Rouge General Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105069"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Office of Postdoctoral Affairs and Research Training, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karimul Islam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karimul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic Office of Postdoctoral Affairs and Research Training, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Office of Postdoctoral Affairs and Research Training, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077633171","display_name":"John Wing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-5968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-5968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112677585","display_name":"K. Maureen Shelton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Maureen Shelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077172315","display_name":"Anne Waniger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-4746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-4746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Waniger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036689154","display_name":"Ann Rydberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-4159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-4159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann M. Rydberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033105135","display_name":"Leslie C. Hassett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-8387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-8387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie C. Hassett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058499524","display_name":"Paul E. Croarkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-6503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-6503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Croarkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077007979","display_name":"Brian N. Lundstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-5549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-5549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian N. Lundstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056623917","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Pascual\u2010Leone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-0382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-0382","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-9052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123879","display_name":"Hebrew SeniorLife","ror":"https://ror.org/02vptss42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Pascual-Leone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035419441","display_name":"Maria I. Lapid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria I. Lapid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035419441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":4.0587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95475372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"e2516459","last_page":"e2516459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial electrical stimulation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial direct current stimulation","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-alternating-current-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial alternating current stimulation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-random-noise-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial random noise stimulation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-severity","display_name":"depression severity","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-and-remission","display_name":"treatment response and remission","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety","display_name":"safety","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-evidence","display_name":"quality of evidence","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6099820733070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5878816246986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5356134176254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5299310088157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.5078020691871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.4690692126750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.44115781784057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4367102384567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.41851937770843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.40851616859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.370562344789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.12631848454475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.11856627464294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2835422/ren_2025_oi_250517_1749569132.63764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12177679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12177679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Netw Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40531534","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40531534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA network open","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.16459","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2835422/ren_2025_oi_250517_1749569132.63764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3698219665","display_name":"Multifocal transcranial current stimulation for cognitive and motor dysfunction in dementia","funder_award_id":"R01AG076708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000868933","display_name":"Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCaTS)","funder_award_id":"UL1TR002377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411413745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411413745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971146523","https://openalex.org/W1980053755","https://openalex.org/W1988972909","https://openalex.org/W1990001536","https://openalex.org/W2023484210","https://openalex.org/W2036756589","https://openalex.org/W2069830873","https://openalex.org/W2084686735","https://openalex.org/W2085189295","https://openalex.org/W2096707321","https://openalex.org/W2109355532","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2149430741","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2167217911","https://openalex.org/W2169624269","https://openalex.org/W2203305476","https://openalex.org/W2260524443","https://openalex.org/W2272069738","https://openalex.org/W2327064177","https://openalex.org/W2341290853","https://openalex.org/W2468996569","https://openalex.org/W2547707342","https://openalex.org/W2603108937","https://openalex.org/W2620224444","https://openalex.org/W2625185482","https://openalex.org/W2625451175","https://openalex.org/W2655577306","https://openalex.org/W2732204853","https://openalex.org/W2765509638","https://openalex.org/W2771703110","https://openalex.org/W2773134150","https://openalex.org/W2780821243","https://openalex.org/W2789657216","https://openalex.org/W2791701033","https://openalex.org/W2811426626","https://openalex.org/W2883555166","https://openalex.org/W2898596666","https://openalex.org/W2909334494","https://openalex.org/W2912144139","https://openalex.org/W2920234746","https://openalex.org/W2934350162","https://openalex.org/W2942668506","https://openalex.org/W2944145281","https://openalex.org/W2949370209","https://openalex.org/W2959938792","https://openalex.org/W2961390679","https://openalex.org/W2968990426","https://openalex.org/W2972630082","https://openalex.org/W2974082440","https://openalex.org/W2976846084","https://openalex.org/W2982195526","https://openalex.org/W2984844623","https://openalex.org/W2996510667","https://openalex.org/W2996797567","https://openalex.org/W3005442444","https://openalex.org/W3008300891","https://openalex.org/W3008639106","https://openalex.org/W3011680255","https://openalex.org/W3015063760","https://openalex.org/W3023561856","https://openalex.org/W3037894539","https://openalex.org/W3083357173","https://openalex.org/W3092743290","https://openalex.org/W3093731264","https://openalex.org/W3095857523","https://openalex.org/W3112944041","https://openalex.org/W3135281508","https://openalex.org/W3141974741","https://openalex.org/W3148623646","https://openalex.org/W3175125545","https://openalex.org/W3197074362","https://openalex.org/W3202976381","https://openalex.org/W3212897586","https://openalex.org/W4200424476","https://openalex.org/W4200458651","https://openalex.org/W4206369288","https://openalex.org/W4210555971","https://openalex.org/W4210564751","https://openalex.org/W4212878914","https://openalex.org/W4214686861","https://openalex.org/W4221107789","https://openalex.org/W4224253262","https://openalex.org/W4281623357","https://openalex.org/W4289528203","https://openalex.org/W4292212574","https://openalex.org/W4296416953","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W4311088153","https://openalex.org/W4312131601","https://openalex.org/W4353082954","https://openalex.org/W4377229861","https://openalex.org/W4379598701","https://openalex.org/W4382933408","https://openalex.org/W4386314446","https://openalex.org/W4386609633","https://openalex.org/W4387641666","https://openalex.org/W4388215162","https://openalex.org/W4388764512","https://openalex.org/W4389869096","https://openalex.org/W4390535768","https://openalex.org/W4390690720","https://openalex.org/W4390743898","https://openalex.org/W4390989127","https://openalex.org/W4391850612","https://openalex.org/W4392640742","https://openalex.org/W4393007747","https://openalex.org/W4395000718","https://openalex.org/W4398228995","https://openalex.org/W4399708410","https://openalex.org/W4399859660","https://openalex.org/W4402500107","https://openalex.org/W4402500152","https://openalex.org/W4403601600","https://openalex.org/W4406074948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7119672678","https://openalex.org/W3008639106","https://openalex.org/W4389704622","https://openalex.org/W4389951888","https://openalex.org/W2023484210","https://openalex.org/W3031080164","https://openalex.org/W4200424476","https://openalex.org/W3141974741","https://openalex.org/W2109355532","https://openalex.org/W4402500152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Importance:":[0],"The":[1,179],"role":[2],"and":[3,29,43,103,118,130,138,141,153,175,221,248,262,306,338,352,369,419,425,438,460,463,486,494],"safety":[4],"of":[5,37,60,163,171],"transcranial":[6,77,82,88],"electrical":[7],"stimulation":[8,80,85,91,492],"(tES)":[9],"for":[10,115,126,150,159],"treating":[11],"depressive":[12,26,31,236],"disorders":[13],"remain":[14],"under":[15],"evaluation.":[16],"Objective:":[17],"To":[18],"evaluate":[19],"tES":[20,231,416,475,496],"treatment":[21],"in":[22,109,250,293,381,415,432,443,457,469],"patients":[23,435],"with":[24,62,65,71,76,94,111,122,234,275,290,324,356,385,390,404,430,436,448,467,479],"major":[25],"disorder":[27],"(MDD)":[28],"comorbid":[30],"conditions.":[32],"Data":[33,101],"Sources:":[34],"A":[35],"search":[36],"MEDLINE,":[38],"Embase,":[39],"Cochrane,":[40],"APA":[41],"PsycINFO,":[42],"Scopus":[44],"databases":[45],"was":[46,166,232,288,322,354,387,402,428,446,465],"conducted":[47],"from":[48,184,188,205,215,225],"inception":[49],"to":[50,244,258,270,283,301,314,334,346,365,377,408,482],"September":[51],"17,":[52],"2024.":[53],"Study":[54],"Selection:":[55],"Randomized":[56],"clinical":[57],"trials":[58],"(RCTs)":[59],"adults":[61],"MDD,":[63],"depression":[64,70,135,292,433],"psychiatric":[66],"comorbidities":[67,73],"(DPC),":[68],"or":[69,87,96],"medical":[72],"(DMC),":[74],"treated":[75],"direct":[78],"current":[79,84],"(tDCS),":[81],"alternating":[83],"(tACS),":[86],"random":[89],"noise":[90],"(tRNS),":[92],"compared":[93,274],"sham":[95],"other":[97],"treatments":[98],"were":[99,134,148,157,412],"included.":[100],"Extraction":[102],"Synthesis:":[104],"Independent":[105],"reviewers":[106],"extracted":[107],"data":[108],"accordance":[110],"Preferred":[112],"Reporting":[113],"Items":[114],"Systematic":[116],"Reviews":[117],"Meta-Analyses":[119],"2020":[120],"guidelines,":[121],"random-effects":[123],"meta-analysis":[124,180],"used":[125],"pooling.":[127],"Main":[128],"Outcomes":[129],"Measures:":[131],"Primary":[132],"outcomes":[133,451],"severity,":[136],"response":[137,339,371],"remission":[139],"rates,":[140],"adverse":[142,410,484],"events.":[143],"Standardized":[144],"mean":[145,194],"differences":[146],"(SMDs)":[147],"reported":[149,158],"continuous":[151],"outcomes,":[152],"odds":[154],"ratios":[155],"(ORs)":[156],"categorical":[160],"outcomes.":[161,406],"Quality":[162],"evidence":[164],"(QOE)":[165],"assessed":[167],"using":[168],"the":[169],"Grading":[170],"Recommendations":[172],"Assessment,":[173],"Development,":[174],"Evaluation":[176],"criteria.":[177],"Results:":[178],"included":[181],"5522":[182],"participants":[183],"114":[185],"study":[186,203,213,223],"groups":[187,204,214,224],"88":[189],"RCTs":[190,207,217,227],"(3198":[191],"female":[192],"[58.9%];":[193],"[range]":[195],"age,":[196],"43.1":[197],"[19.4-76.9]":[198],"years).":[199],"Most":[200],"studies":[201],"(104":[202],"79":[206],"[91.2%])":[208],"evaluated":[209,219,229],"tDCS,":[210],"while":[211],"7":[212],"6":[216],"(6.1%)":[218],"tACS,":[220],"3":[222,226],"(2.7%)":[228],"tRNS.":[230],"associated":[233,289,323,355,389,403,429,447,466],"reduced":[235,291,357],"symptoms":[237,327,358],"(SMD":[238,252,264,277,295,308,328,359],"=":[239,253,265,278,296,309,329,360],"-0.59;":[240],"95%":[241,255,267,280,298,311,331,343,362,374],"CI,":[242,256,268,281,299,312,332,344,363,375],"-0.83":[243],"-0.35;":[245],"low":[246,260,272,285,304,316],"QOE)":[247,261,273,305,317,337,368,380],"improvement":[249,431,468],"DMC":[251,294,437],"-1.05;":[254,297],"-1.67":[257],"-0.43;":[259],"DPC":[263,307,439],"-0.78;":[266],"-1.27":[269],"-0.29;":[271],"MDD":[276,326,450],"-0.22;":[279],"-0.44":[282],"0.01;":[284],"QOE).":[286,349],"tDCS":[287,351,383,427,462],"-1.70":[300],"-0.40;":[302],"very":[303],"-0.88;":[310],"-1.40":[313],"-0.36;":[315],"but":[318],"not":[319,388],"MDD.":[320,382],"tACS":[321,445],"improved":[325,405,449],"-0.58;":[330],"-0.96":[333],"-0.20;":[335],"high":[336,348,379],"rates":[340],"(OR,":[341,372],"2.07;":[342],"1.34":[345],"3.19;":[347],"Combined":[350],"medication":[353,464],"-0.51;":[361],"-0.90":[364],"-0.13;":[366],"moderate":[367,409,483],"increased":[370],"2.25;":[373],"1.08":[376],"4.65;":[378],"combined":[384,461],"psychotherapy":[386],"improvement.":[391],"Subgroup":[392],"analysis":[393],"showed":[394],"that":[395,474,487],"anodal":[396],"left":[397],"dorsolateral":[398],"prefrontal":[399],"cortex":[400],"DCS":[401],"Mild":[407],"events":[411],"more":[413],"frequent":[414],"groups.":[417],"Conclusions":[418],"Relevance:":[420],"In":[421],"this":[422],"systematic":[423],"review":[424],"meta-analysis,":[426],"among":[434],"(with":[440],"smaller":[441,458],"benefits":[442],"MDD),":[444],"(while":[452],"tRNS":[453],"had":[454],"insufficient":[455],"evidence)":[456],"samples,":[459],"depression.":[470],"These":[471],"findings":[472],"suggest":[473],"is":[476],"well-tolerated":[477],"overall,":[478],"only":[480],"mild":[481],"events,":[485],"future":[488],"research":[489],"should":[490],"optimize":[491],"parameters":[493],"individualize":[495],"interventions.":[497]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-06-19T00:00:00"}