{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411289552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","title":"Interplay of post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and social support among Palestinian refugees in West Bank camps: A cross-sectional study","display_name":"Interplay of post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and social support among Palestinian refugees in West Bank camps: A cross-sectional study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411289552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40509736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00207640251341594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92508993","display_name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","issn_l":"0020-7640","issn":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4411289552"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121758635","display_name":"Azzam Zrineh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0382-4327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0382-4327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21215505","display_name":"Al-Quds University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hym7e04","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Azzam Zrineh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0382-4327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115544614","display_name":"Hamza B Karmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21215505","display_name":"Al-Quds University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hym7e04","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Karmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118144026","display_name":"Saliba Zeidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3281-4083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3281-4083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21215505","display_name":"Al-Quds University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hym7e04","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saliba Zeidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3281-4083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026330305","display_name":"Ahmad D. Salameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7005-1181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7005-1181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21215505","display_name":"Al-Quds University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hym7e04","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7005-1181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035848098","display_name":"Ibrahim Ikhmayyes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158239267","display_name":"Bethlehem University","ror":"https://ror.org/047cjg072","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158239267"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Ikhmayyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Kamal Psychiatric Hospital, Bethlehem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Kamal Psychiatric Hospital, Bethlehem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158239267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121758635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21215505"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91916364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"8","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.023900000378489494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-traumatic-growth","display_name":"posttraumatic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palestinian-refugees","display_name":"Palestinian refugees","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-mental-health","display_name":"refugee mental health","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"displacement","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolonged-conflict","display_name":"prolonged conflict","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptsd-prevalence","display_name":"PTSD prevalence","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.8172439932823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018316026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36678","display_name":"West bank","level":3,"score":0.7083016633987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.6197713613510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.6169017553329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.5360835790634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.45347100496292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4364017844200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.361590176820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.36088797450065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.35392045974731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114362828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23792","display_name":"Palestine","level":2,"score":0.2014932930469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14434272050857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11452171206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.08774468302726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.08323615789413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073017","descriptor_name":"Refugee Camps","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078002","descriptor_name":"Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008877","descriptor_name":"Middle East","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012036","descriptor_name":"Refugees","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012036","descriptor_name":"Refugees","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018912","descriptor_name":"Arabs","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00207640251341594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640251341594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92508993","display_name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","issn_l":"0020-7640","issn":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40509736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40509736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22064310","https://openalex.org/W1909971050","https://openalex.org/W1999985342","https://openalex.org/W2030863659","https://openalex.org/W2033002423","https://openalex.org/W2044225028","https://openalex.org/W2087675711","https://openalex.org/W2105215298","https://openalex.org/W2123295430","https://openalex.org/W2158434712","https://openalex.org/W2174561539","https://openalex.org/W2296388441","https://openalex.org/W2340293963","https://openalex.org/W2412976663","https://openalex.org/W2540512335","https://openalex.org/W2551532460","https://openalex.org/W2741520013","https://openalex.org/W2886397543","https://openalex.org/W2890877603","https://openalex.org/W2913429441","https://openalex.org/W2914212111","https://openalex.org/W2994471937","https://openalex.org/W2996473458","https://openalex.org/W3000275626","https://openalex.org/W3014578245","https://openalex.org/W3014747002","https://openalex.org/W3107182122","https://openalex.org/W3123393188","https://openalex.org/W4210461510","https://openalex.org/W4220972745","https://openalex.org/W4239763840","https://openalex.org/W4281566901","https://openalex.org/W4285796022","https://openalex.org/W4298007357","https://openalex.org/W4302027123","https://openalex.org/W4315620531","https://openalex.org/W4323670169","https://openalex.org/W4380685366","https://openalex.org/W4381333004","https://openalex.org/W4389154382","https://openalex.org/W4393169785","https://openalex.org/W4407808597","https://openalex.org/W6678497102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360601072","https://openalex.org/W4410093757","https://openalex.org/W6958879393","https://openalex.org/W2273276858","https://openalex.org/W2021108618","https://openalex.org/W3110238380","https://openalex.org/W4296699355","https://openalex.org/W7127268676","https://openalex.org/W4294600508","https://openalex.org/W2904753008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Refugee":[1],"populations":[2],"worldwide":[3],"face":[4],"significant":[5],"mental":[6,27,38],"health":[7,28,39],"challenges,":[8],"and":[9,17,41,71,95,129,140,166,174,192,195,204,242],"Palestinian":[10,78,107,180],"refugees,":[11],"who":[12],"have":[13],"experienced":[14],"prolonged":[15],"displacement":[16],"continuous":[18],"conflict,":[19],"may":[20,206],"be":[21],"vulnerable":[22],"to":[23,37,50,57,65,88,121,143,231],"a":[24,183],"range":[25],"of":[26,69,73,162,238],"issues.":[29],"Systematic":[30],"reviews":[31],"indicate":[32],"that":[33,42,202],"refugees":[34,79,108,181],"are":[35,44],"prone":[36],"disorders":[40],"they":[43],"over":[45],"10":[46],"times":[47],"more":[48,216],"likely":[49],"develop":[51,207],"post-traumatic":[52,74,97,126,220],"stress":[53],"disorder":[54],"(PTSD)":[55],"compared":[56],"the":[58,67,81,90,145,210,239,247],"general":[59],"population.":[60],"AIMS:":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63,102,148],"aimed":[64],"assess":[66,122],"prevalence":[68,191],"PTSD":[70,123,164,190,203,225],"levels":[72,161,176],"growth":[75,127,221],"(PTG)":[76],"among":[77,105],"in":[80,111,209,218,223,246],"West":[82,113],"Bank":[83,114],"camps,":[84],"as":[85,87],"well":[86],"explore":[89],"interrelationships":[91],"between":[92,147],"social":[93,130,196,243],"support":[94,131,197,214,244],"these":[96],"reactions.":[98],"METHODS:":[99],"A":[100],"cross-sectional":[101],"was":[103],"conducted":[104],"404":[106],"aged":[109],"18-76":[110],"seven":[112],"refugee":[115,211,248],"camps.":[116],"Participants":[117],"completed":[118],"standardized":[119],"instruments":[120],"symptoms":[124,165],"(PCL-5),":[125],"(PTGI),":[128],"(MSPSS).":[132],"Statistical":[133],"analyses":[134],"included":[135],"descriptive":[136],"statistics,":[137],"correlation":[138],"analyses,":[139],"regression":[141],"models":[142],"examine":[144],"relationships":[146],"variables.":[149],"RESULTS:":[150],"=":[151],"0.361).":[152],"Gender":[153],"differences":[154],"were":[155,177],"prominent,":[156],"with":[157],"females":[158],"reporting":[159],"higher":[160],"both":[163],"PTG":[167,194,205],"levels.":[168,198],"In":[169],"addition,":[170],"variations":[171],"across":[172],"camps":[173],"education":[175],"observed.":[178],"CONCLUSIONS:":[179],"exhibit":[182],"complex":[184],"psychological":[185],"landscape":[186],"marked":[187],"by":[188,234],"high":[189],"moderate":[193],"Our":[199,227],"results":[200],"suggest":[201],"independently":[208],"context.":[212,249],"Social":[213],"appears":[215],"influential":[217],"facilitating":[219],"than":[222],"alleviating":[224],"symptoms.":[226],"findings,":[228],"thus,":[229],"contribute":[230],"existing":[232],"literature":[233],"providing":[235],"an":[236],"understanding":[237],"traumatic":[240],"experiences":[241],"role":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}