{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411240385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","title":"Synergistic Effects on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of HDPE Composites Reinforced With Walnut Shell and Nano\u2010Calcium Carbonate","display_name":"Synergistic Effects on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of HDPE Composites Reinforced With Walnut Shell and Nano\u2010Calcium Carbonate","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411240385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/app.57464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/app.57464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/app.57464","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087898492","display_name":"\u0130dris Karag\u00f6z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-8511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-8511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40790370","display_name":"Yalova University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x18ax09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0130dris Karag\u00f6z","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye","Zamia Composite Research and Development Technology Joint Stock Company ULUTEK Technopark  Nil\u00fcfer Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zamia Composite Research and Development Technology Joint Stock Company ULUTEK Technopark  Nil\u00fcfer Bursa T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Halil \u0130brahim Duyar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40790370","display_name":"Yalova University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x18ax09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halil \u0130brahim Duyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Institute of Graduate Studies, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Institute of Graduate Studies, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092924644","display_name":"Aysu \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-7856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-7856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40790370","display_name":"Yalova University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x18ax09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aysu \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Institute of Graduate Studies, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Institute of Graduate Studies, Yalova University  Yalova T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017433704","display_name":"Harun Sepet\u00e7io\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-4234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-4234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137996928","display_name":"Sel\u00e7uk University","ror":"https://ror.org/045hgzm75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137996928"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harun Sepetcioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Technology, Sel\u00e7uk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Technology, Sel\u00e7uk University  Konya T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137996928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087898492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40790370"],"apc_list":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"apc_paid":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"fwci":5.0591,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96659853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"37","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-density-polyethylene-composites","display_name":"high-density polyethylene composites","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walnut-shell","display_name":"walnut shell","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate-nanoparticles","display_name":"calcium carbonate nanoparticles","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity","display_name":"crystallinity","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-matrix-interaction","display_name":"filler-matrix interaction","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-distribution","display_name":"filler distribution","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-fillers","display_name":"biomass fillers","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/char-formation","display_name":"char formation","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181748761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2641430","display_name":"High-density polyethylene","level":3,"score":0.7774639129638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7488442659378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767","display_name":"Calcium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.7475273609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.6573311686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6259667873382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780357685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357","display_name":"Nano-","level":2,"score":0.5399887561798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4889634847640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.30076122283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/app.57464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/app.57464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/app.57464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.57464","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/app.57464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7811999917030334,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520089895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023/YL/0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318288","funder_display_name":"Yalova \u00dcniversitesi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5950962533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2240595","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318288","display_name":"Yalova \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x18ax09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411240385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411240385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879552390","https://openalex.org/W1904277183","https://openalex.org/W1931690799","https://openalex.org/W1967317780","https://openalex.org/W2007719171","https://openalex.org/W2016160710","https://openalex.org/W2020080961","https://openalex.org/W2022052878","https://openalex.org/W2046347536","https://openalex.org/W2057794031","https://openalex.org/W2060784570","https://openalex.org/W2073667533","https://openalex.org/W2083427835","https://openalex.org/W2086668861","https://openalex.org/W2094475875","https://openalex.org/W2095407748","https://openalex.org/W2095510584","https://openalex.org/W2122986550","https://openalex.org/W2150521707","https://openalex.org/W2158530478","https://openalex.org/W2408914487","https://openalex.org/W2409635361","https://openalex.org/W2472922222","https://openalex.org/W2506868976","https://openalex.org/W2607057771","https://openalex.org/W2610502826","https://openalex.org/W2624138547","https://openalex.org/W2793936184","https://openalex.org/W2884874369","https://openalex.org/W2890929630","https://openalex.org/W2895025758","https://openalex.org/W2914858794","https://openalex.org/W2923765631","https://openalex.org/W2981066927","https://openalex.org/W2994345504","https://openalex.org/W3006726973","https://openalex.org/W3013946736","https://openalex.org/W3013962978","https://openalex.org/W3033649950","https://openalex.org/W3044486971","https://openalex.org/W3082007253","https://openalex.org/W3082768002","https://openalex.org/W3152332220","https://openalex.org/W3160213965","https://openalex.org/W3171575645","https://openalex.org/W3175907515","https://openalex.org/W3207005604","https://openalex.org/W4206229535","https://openalex.org/W4220796107","https://openalex.org/W4308041344","https://openalex.org/W4318479419","https://openalex.org/W4367368483","https://openalex.org/W4394808537","https://openalex.org/W4394956854","https://openalex.org/W4396700985","https://openalex.org/W4396825677","https://openalex.org/W4396871587","https://openalex.org/W4404058347","https://openalex.org/W4404066369","https://openalex.org/W4408664615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404066369","https://openalex.org/W2148071883","https://openalex.org/W2918139333","https://openalex.org/W2124282684","https://openalex.org/W1980942759","https://openalex.org/W3207005604","https://openalex.org/W1981270259","https://openalex.org/W4367368483","https://openalex.org/W2799932751","https://openalex.org/W7204250791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"study,":[3],"the":[4,79,89,100,175],"thermal,":[5],"mechanical,":[6],"and":[7,18,30,36,42,61,73,81,99,132,140,149,159,181,188],"morphological":[8],"properties":[9,154],"of":[10,146,178],"high\u2010density":[11],"polyethylene":[12],"composites":[13],"reinforced":[14],"with":[15,23],"wal1nut":[16],"shell":[17,27,148,180],"nano\u2010CaCO3":[19,32,150,182],"were":[20,38,76],"investigated.":[21],"Composites":[22],"a":[24],"fixed":[25],"walnut":[26,147,179],"content":[28,51],"(20%)":[29],"varying":[31],"concentrations":[33],"(1%,":[34],"3%,":[35],"5%)":[37],"prepared":[39],"by":[40],"extrusion":[41],"injection":[43],"molding.":[44],"The":[45,69,144],"results":[46],"showed":[47,136],"that":[48,88],"increasing":[49],"filler":[50,138],"raised":[52],"crystallization":[53],"temperatures,":[54],"while":[55],"melting":[56],"temperatures":[57],"(Tm)":[58],"slightly":[59],"decreased,":[60],"crystallinity":[62,74],"was":[63],"lower":[64],"compared":[65],"to":[66,97,110,121],"pure":[67],"HDPE.":[68],"lowest":[70],"Tm":[71],"(128.2\u00b0C)":[72],"(27.3%)":[75],"found":[77],"in":[78,166,183],"PECCWS4":[80],"PECCWS5":[82],"composites.":[83],"Thermogravimetric":[84],"analysis":[85],"(TGA)":[86],"revealed":[87],"initial":[90],"degradation":[91],"temperature":[92,101],"(T5)":[93],"increased":[94,116],"from":[95,108,117],"452\u00b0C":[96],"457.8\u00b0C,":[98],"for":[102,119,123,193],"50%":[103],"weight":[104,113],"loss":[105],"(T50)":[106],"shifted":[107],"481.8\u00b0C":[109],"486.5\u00b0C.":[111],"Residual":[112],"at":[114,163],"600\u00b0C":[115],"1.1%":[118],"PECCWS1":[120],"9.5%":[122],"PECCWS5,":[124],"indicating":[125,169],"improved":[126,137,151,194],"char":[127],"formation.":[128],"Scanning":[129],"Electron":[130,134],"Microscopy":[131,135],"Transmission":[133],"distribution":[139],"enhanced":[141],"filler\u2010matrix":[142],"interaction.":[143],"combination":[145],"certain":[152],"mechanical":[153,189],"such":[155],"as":[156],"tensile":[157,167],"strength":[158],"modulus;":[160],"however,":[161],"elongation":[162],"break":[164],"decreased":[165],"testing,":[168],"reduced":[170],"ductility.":[171],"These":[172],"findings":[173],"highlight":[174],"synergistic":[176],"effect":[177],"enhancing":[184],"HDPE":[185],"composites'":[186],"thermal":[187],"properties,":[190],"showing":[191],"potential":[192],"performance.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
