{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411237009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","title":"The Role of Environmental Protection Expenditures, Urbanization, and Economic Growth in Promoting Sustainable Natural Resources","display_name":"The Role of Environmental Protection Expenditures, Urbanization, and Economic Growth in Promoting Sustainable Natural Resources","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411237009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sd.3551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sd.3551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165666656","display_name":"Sustainable Development","issn_l":"0968-0802","issn":["0968-0802","1099-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sd.3551","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040214876","display_name":"\u0130brahim \u00c7\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-1553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-1553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154391","display_name":"Hasan Kalyoncu University","ror":"https://ror.org/054g2pw49","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Cutcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-1553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086041219","display_name":"Azad Erdem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103703290","display_name":"Sakarya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttnw109","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130874397","display_name":"Western Caspian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cgtjz78","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130874397"]}],"countries":["AZ","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azad Erdem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Finance, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye","Economic Research Center (WCERC), Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Finance, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic Research Center (WCERC), Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130874397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050602869","display_name":"Dilek \u00c7il","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-1970","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-1970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152860","display_name":"Trabzon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmwq306","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152860"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilek Cil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Travel Tourism and Entertainment Services, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-1970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Travel Tourism and Entertainment Services, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152860"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116925683","display_name":"Evans Akwasi Gyasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-8515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-8515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51216347","display_name":"Anglia Ruskin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0009t4v78","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evans Akwasi Gyasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and International Business, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and International Business, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040214876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"fwci":9.6182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98049849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"5","first_page":"7844","last_page":"7862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection-expenditure","display_name":"environmental protection expenditure","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-consumption","display_name":"fossil fuel consumption","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-depletion","display_name":"natural resource depletion","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-natural-resources","display_name":"sustainable natural resources","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development-goals","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goals","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-management","display_name":"natural resource management","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.7253583669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.6492047309875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.6251326203346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.613021194934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44785621762275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42878738045692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4081673324108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3320726156234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2549179196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.1605515480041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12273576855659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11132636666297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/sd.3551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sd.3551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165666656","display_name":"Sustainable Development","issn_l":"0968-0802","issn":["0968-0802","1099-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29262821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Role_of_Environmental_Protection_Expenditures_Urbanization_and_Economic_Growth_in_Promoting_Sustainable_Natural_Resources/29262821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.hku.edu.tr:20.500.11782/4898","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401159","display_name":"Hasan Kalyoncu University Institutional Repository (Hasan Kalyoncu University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210154391","host_organization_name":"Hasan Kalyoncu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sd.3551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3551","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sd.3551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165666656","display_name":"Sustainable Development","issn_l":"0968-0802","issn":["0968-0802","1099-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411237009.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411237009.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608859397","https://openalex.org/W2005241175","https://openalex.org/W2011578911","https://openalex.org/W2025507654","https://openalex.org/W2037875185","https://openalex.org/W2044881263","https://openalex.org/W2059016369","https://openalex.org/W2067402622","https://openalex.org/W2094514178","https://openalex.org/W2100159459","https://openalex.org/W2123136623","https://openalex.org/W2546837762","https://openalex.org/W2548199445","https://openalex.org/W2563218153","https://openalex.org/W2593842128","https://openalex.org/W2773652178","https://openalex.org/W2792187306","https://openalex.org/W2933706613","https://openalex.org/W2944554649","https://openalex.org/W2992311976","https://openalex.org/W2994966336","https://openalex.org/W3003727913","https://openalex.org/W3012462310","https://openalex.org/W3015661206","https://openalex.org/W3108172853","https://openalex.org/W3121522835","https://openalex.org/W3123095200","https://openalex.org/W3123300744","https://openalex.org/W3123833473","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3202308825","https://openalex.org/W3207268244","https://openalex.org/W4210653500","https://openalex.org/W4225558880","https://openalex.org/W4281899813","https://openalex.org/W4286252311","https://openalex.org/W4289731149","https://openalex.org/W4307953902","https://openalex.org/W4313499822","https://openalex.org/W4317679612","https://openalex.org/W4361246740","https://openalex.org/W4367047010","https://openalex.org/W4376870577","https://openalex.org/W4377819324","https://openalex.org/W4386200075","https://openalex.org/W4388713958","https://openalex.org/W4389297444","https://openalex.org/W4389802159","https://openalex.org/W4390022353","https://openalex.org/W4390520069","https://openalex.org/W4390628744","https://openalex.org/W4391467202","https://openalex.org/W4392179819","https://openalex.org/W4394987212","https://openalex.org/W4394992874","https://openalex.org/W4399915246","https://openalex.org/W4400446223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385621699","https://openalex.org/W4396902955","https://openalex.org/W2593842128","https://openalex.org/W4402029865","https://openalex.org/W4409982235","https://openalex.org/W7112536555","https://openalex.org/W4386390281","https://openalex.org/W4296848741","https://openalex.org/W4411659824","https://openalex.org/W3214006580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Overexploitation":[1],"of":[2,35,48,77,91,133,150,164,191,197,221],"natural":[3,15,49,57,92,100,114,165,198,222],"resources":[4,16,58,93,166],"poses":[5],"significant":[6],"challenges":[7],"to":[8,24,62,137,206],"the":[9,13,36,46,72,75,89,98,127,134,151,162,188,195,201,207,216,219],"global":[10],"ecosystem.":[11],"Because":[12],"world's":[14],"are":[17],"finite,":[18],"maintaining":[19],"ecological":[20],"balance":[21],"is":[22,45,136],"essential":[23,38,60],"ensuring":[25],"their":[26],"sustainable":[27,42,65],"production,":[28],"consumption,":[29,84],"and":[30,55,85,104,118,145,167,179],"efficient":[31],"use.":[32],"Furthermore,":[33],"one":[34],"most":[37],"elements":[39],"in":[40,94,126],"achieving":[41],"development":[43],"goals":[44],"protection":[47,79,163],"resources.":[50,199,223],"Therefore,":[51],"knowing":[52],"what":[53],"influences":[54],"sustains":[56],"offers":[59],"information":[61],"help":[63],"shape":[64],"resource":[66],"management":[67],"practices.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,173],"regard,":[71],"study":[73,135,152,202],"investigates":[74],"effects":[76],"environmental":[78],"expenditures,":[80],"urbanization,":[81],"fossil":[82],"fuel":[83],"economic":[86],"growth":[87],"on":[88,161],"depletion":[90,101],"10":[95],"countries":[96],"with":[97],"lowest":[99],"between":[102],"1995":[103],"2021":[105],"through":[106],"causality":[107],"testing.":[108],"Moreover,":[109],"because":[110],"they":[111],"may":[112],"impact":[113],"resources,":[115],"population,":[116],"globalization,":[117],"population":[119],"density":[120],"were":[121],"included":[122],"as":[123],"control":[124],"variables":[125],"study's":[128],"model.":[129],"The":[130,147],"important":[131],"aim":[132],"achieve":[138],"Sustainable":[139],"Development":[140],"Goals":[141],"7,":[142],"8,":[143],"9,":[144],"12.":[146],"test":[148],"findings":[149],"show":[153],"that":[154,185,193,214],"these":[155],"policies":[156],"have":[157],"a":[158,169],"positive":[159],"effect":[160],"indicate":[168],"causal":[170],"relationship":[171],"supporting":[172],"finding.":[174],"Governments":[175],"should":[176],"allocate":[177],"affordable":[178],"easily":[180],"accessible":[181],"funds":[182],"for":[183],"initiatives":[184],"will":[186],"reduce":[187],"negative":[189],"consequences":[190],"processes":[192],"ensure":[194],"sustainability":[196,220],"Additionally,":[200],"highlights":[203],"its":[204],"contribution":[205],"literature":[208],"by":[209],"proposing":[210],"several":[211],"concrete":[212],"conclusions":[213],"determine":[215],"factors":[217],"affecting":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}