{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411214030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","title":"Incentives for retrieval practice and exam performance of college students","display_name":"Incentives for retrieval practice and exam performance of college students","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411214030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128621090","display_name":"The Journal of Economic Education","issn_l":"0022-0485","issn":["0022-0485","2152-4068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5288812","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021447248","display_name":"Fady Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-8284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-8284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199172307","display_name":"Columbus State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002nf6z37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fady Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business, Columbus State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business, Columbus State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026809308","display_name":"Stefani Milovanska-Farrington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-7008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-7008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32480017","display_name":"Florida Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5mdj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefani Milovanska-Farrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Analytics, Florida Polytechnic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Analytics, Florida Polytechnic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075855014","display_name":"Nour Kattih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-6752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-6752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169615421","display_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n1hzn07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Kattih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Finance, Middle Tennessee State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Finance, Middle Tennessee State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169615421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammed Saeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Business Administration, King Abdulaziz University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Business Administration, King Abdulaziz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021447248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199172307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00593804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11526","display_name":"Innovative Teaching Methods","score":0.14000000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.04910000041127205,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-practice","display_name":"retrieval practice","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-performance","display_name":"exam performance","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-incentives","display_name":"student incentives","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-questions","display_name":"practice questions","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-courses","display_name":"online courses","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face-classes","display_name":"face-to-face classes","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics-education","display_name":"macroeconomics education","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-preparation","display_name":"exam preparation","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7613196969032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5159926414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47597187757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41695523262023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3585609793663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14587178826332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13717344403266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0852111279964447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2026.2703531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128621090","display_name":"The Journal of Economic Education","issn_l":"0022-0485","issn":["0022-0485","2152-4068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5288812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5288812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5288812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/324343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/324343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5288812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5288812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5288812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553832339","https://openalex.org/W2036335240","https://openalex.org/W2110110729","https://openalex.org/W2111804672","https://openalex.org/W2121976007","https://openalex.org/W2126180793","https://openalex.org/W2156957506","https://openalex.org/W2159480120","https://openalex.org/W2782224530","https://openalex.org/W2902152545","https://openalex.org/W3122139178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204217147","https://openalex.org/W3191423995","https://openalex.org/W2607114447","https://openalex.org/W7160888240","https://openalex.org/W4378648677","https://openalex.org/W4402605056","https://openalex.org/W3176408967","https://openalex.org/W4395023595","https://openalex.org/W6996077763","https://openalex.org/W3038587040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,109],"authors":[1],"provide":[2],"students":[3,68],"in":[4,53],"online":[5,107],"and":[6,21,81],"face-to-face":[7],"principles":[8],"of":[9,33,51,114],"macroeconomics":[10],"courses":[11],"with":[12,61],"practice":[13,34,71],"questions":[14,72],"resembling":[15],"those":[16],"on":[17,40,70,94,101],"an":[18],"actual":[19,41,89],"exam":[20,58,64,78,96],"require":[22],"a":[23,62,74,98],"student":[24,116],"sample":[25],"to":[26,86,118],"submit":[27],"answers.":[28],"Whether":[29],"the":[30,56,87,102,112],"mandatory":[31],"submission":[32,50],"question":[35],"answers":[36,52],"improves":[37],"students\u2019":[38],"performance":[39,93],"exams":[42,121],"is":[43,46,59],"examined.":[44],"Evidence":[45],"found":[47],"that":[48],"required":[49],"preparation":[54],"for":[55,106,120],"first":[57],"associated":[60],"higher":[63,99],"score.":[65],"score":[67],"earn":[69],"about":[73],"week":[75],"before":[76],"each":[77,95],"(first,":[79],"second,":[80],"final)":[82],"also":[83],"positively":[84],"relates":[85],"respective":[88],"test":[90],"grade.":[91],"Better":[92],"predicts":[97],"grade":[100],"following":[103],"exam(s),":[104],"especially":[105],"courses.":[108],"results":[110],"indicate":[111],"importance":[113],"providing":[115],"incentives":[117],"prepare":[119],"through":[122],"retrieval":[123],"practice.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
