{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411090352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","title":"Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization","display_name":"Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411090352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/nqcpb_v3/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://osf.io/nqcpb_v3/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023608726","display_name":"Adam H. Smiley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-6102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-6102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47500176","display_name":"Belmont University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjpd42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47500176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Herschel Smiley","raw_affiliation_strings":["1900 Belmont Blvd , 423 McWhorter Hall , Nashville , TN , 37212","Department of Psychological Science & Neuroscience , Belmont University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-6102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1900 Belmont Blvd , 423 McWhorter Hall , Nashville , TN , 37212","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological Science & Neuroscience , Belmont University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47500176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007929274","display_name":"Cheryl R. Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-042X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-042X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"cheryl kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-042X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-polarization","display_name":"affective polarization","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-homogeneity","display_name":"political homogeneity","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distance","display_name":"social distance","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-and-politics","display_name":"place and politics","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2016-us-presidential-election","display_name":"2016 US presidential election","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-national-election-studies","display_name":"American National Election Studies","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5785542130470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46732890605926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41934627294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3743842840194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09279435873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/nqcpb_v3/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqcpb_v3","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/nqcpb_v3/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411090352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411090352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311850785","https://openalex.org/W7220429136","https://openalex.org/W4324378522","https://openalex.org/W7083680981","https://openalex.org/W7196990360","https://openalex.org/W4403429817","https://openalex.org/W7202281196","https://openalex.org/W6925358380","https://openalex.org/W6925177616","https://openalex.org/W4306318423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"American":[0,52,92],"communities":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"politically":[5],"homogenous":[6],"(Bishop":[7],"&":[8],"Cushing,":[9],"2008),":[10],"with":[11,36,63,94],"affective":[12,46,71,120,136],"polarization,":[13,72,137],"a":[14,133],"form":[15],"of":[16,39,45,69,105,130,141],"animosity":[17],"between":[18,127],"political":[19],"groups,":[20],"concurrently":[21],"on":[22],"the":[23,125,128,139],"rise":[24],"(Iyengar":[25],"et":[26],"al.,":[27],"2019).":[28],"We":[29],"hypothesized":[30],"that":[31,91],"individuals":[32],"living":[33,60],"in":[34,61,97,132,145],"areas":[35],"greater":[37,112],"proportions":[38],"out-partisans":[40,65,96,131],"would":[41],"report":[42],"lower":[43,67,103,118],"levels":[44,68,104],"polarization.":[47,121],"In":[48,80],"Study":[49,55,81],"1,":[50],"2016":[51],"National":[53],"Election":[54],"respondents":[56],"(N":[57,83],"=":[58,84],"3,378)":[59],"counties":[62,99],"more":[64,95],"averaged":[66],"party-directed":[70],"controlling":[73],"for":[74],"partisan,":[75],"policy,":[76],"and":[77,100,111,135,143],"demographic":[78],"factors.":[79],"2":[82],"362":[85],"via":[86],"Prolific),":[87],"similar":[88],"analyses":[89],"revealed":[90],"partisans":[93],"their":[98],"precincts":[101],"reported":[102],"social":[106],"distance":[107],"from":[108],"out-party":[109],"members":[110],"cross-party":[113],"contact,":[114],"but":[115],"not":[116],"significantly":[117],"voter-directed":[119],"Cross-party":[122],"contact":[123],"mediated":[124],"relationship":[126],"percentage":[129],"community":[134],"highlighting":[138],"intersection":[140],"place":[142],"psychology":[144],"understanding":[146],"this":[147],"societal":[148],"challenge.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}