{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411054201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","title":"Effects of Calcium and Natural Organic Matter on the Transport and Remobilization of Colloidal Activated Carbon in Saturated Porous Media: Insights from Force Spectroscopy","display_name":"Effects of Calcium and Natural Organic Matter on the Transport and Remobilization of Colloidal Activated Carbon in Saturated Porous Media: Insights from Force Spectroscopy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411054201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211913","display_name":"ACS ES&T Engineering","issn_l":"2690-0645","issn":["2690-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS ES&amp;T Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089030825","display_name":"Xun Guan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001199478","display_name":"Dimin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-7518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-7518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147249","display_name":"Geosyntec Consultants (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048y5x817","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, fourth Floor, Columbia, Maryland 21044, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, fourth Floor, Columbia, Maryland 21044, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538802","display_name":"Yongchang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9120-0094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9120-0094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009184611","display_name":"Gregory Victor Lowry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-008X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-008X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory V. Lowry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University","Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-008X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036632068","display_name":"Guangbin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-4742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-4742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-4742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086829550","display_name":"Anthony S. Danko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169781563","display_name":"Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command","ror":"https://ror.org/0539h2w52","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I169781563","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482668","display_name":"Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0103y3647","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I169781563","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4388482668"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Danko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command\u2500Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command\u2500Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169781563","https://openalex.org/I4388482668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072983516","display_name":"Xitong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-3422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-3422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xitong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-3422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072983516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71729141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"9","first_page":"2181","last_page":"2190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11869","display_name":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","score":0.5102999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11869","display_name":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","score":0.5102999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":0.37770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10894","display_name":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colloidal-activated-carbon","display_name":"colloidal activated carbon","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pfas-remediation","display_name":"PFAS remediation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-ions","display_name":"calcium ions","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-organic-matter","display_name":"natural organic matter","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colloidal-particle-deposition","display_name":"colloidal particle deposition","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturated-porous-media","display_name":"saturated porous media","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-bridging","display_name":"cation bridging","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-screening","display_name":"electrostatic screening","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrosteric-repulsion","display_name":"electrosteric repulsion","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-of-adhesion","display_name":"work of adhesion","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-surfaces","display_name":"silica surfaces","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59789625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780","display_name":"Colloid","level":2,"score":0.6855645179748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6044408679008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.6039979457855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105569014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271208","display_name":"Porous medium","level":3,"score":0.5829923748970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992443382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Natural organic matter","level":3,"score":0.4936564862728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4812997877597809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.46360647678375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.46288275718688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779647737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190878","display_name":"Activated carbon","level":3,"score":0.44373130798339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197445215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Colloidal particle","level":3,"score":0.4177137613296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.40660035610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.382286936044693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1736985743045807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.16717246174812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.13724398612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07845690846443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.5c00106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211913","display_name":"ACS ES&T Engineering","issn_l":"2690-0645","issn":["2690-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS ES&amp;T Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8571000099182129,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7514011763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ER21-1070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333449","funder_display_name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333449","display_name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","ror":"https://ror.org/00ew61678"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W409120194","https://openalex.org/W572688729","https://openalex.org/W1578926369","https://openalex.org/W1969302318","https://openalex.org/W1970923894","https://openalex.org/W1985143277","https://openalex.org/W1997113148","https://openalex.org/W1997712366","https://openalex.org/W2018729646","https://openalex.org/W2019002404","https://openalex.org/W2020357503","https://openalex.org/W2027156662","https://openalex.org/W2089162885","https://openalex.org/W2103327216","https://openalex.org/W2131424292","https://openalex.org/W2151420172","https://openalex.org/W2164175962","https://openalex.org/W2312233071","https://openalex.org/W2503576964","https://openalex.org/W2562523934","https://openalex.org/W2591538099","https://openalex.org/W2805133793","https://openalex.org/W2886782378","https://openalex.org/W2904571223","https://openalex.org/W2919826656","https://openalex.org/W2970136400","https://openalex.org/W2970610194","https://openalex.org/W3022295327","https://openalex.org/W3127793863","https://openalex.org/W3193974758","https://openalex.org/W3194290541","https://openalex.org/W4226152772","https://openalex.org/W4309194640","https://openalex.org/W4310990936","https://openalex.org/W4380200378","https://openalex.org/W4387190416","https://openalex.org/W4392640255","https://openalex.org/W4396554724","https://openalex.org/W4399057119","https://openalex.org/W4401906830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396554724","https://openalex.org/W4408430866","https://openalex.org/W7219031913","https://openalex.org/W7116797611","https://openalex.org/W7161646448","https://openalex.org/W6959672554","https://openalex.org/W7135196301","https://openalex.org/W7163017441","https://openalex.org/W7163009101","https://openalex.org/W4283258493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colloidal":[0],"activated":[1],"carbon":[2],"(CAC)":[3],"is":[4,171],"a":[5,103,164],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,260],"the":[9,35,48,76,100,125,131,179,183,199,206,222,227,237,248],"in":[10,32,130,255],"situ":[11,256],"remediation":[12],"of":[13,25,39,50,78,102,113,128,208,225,231,242,254],"groundwater":[14],"impacted":[15],"by":[16,120,157,174,188],"perfluoroalkyl":[17],"and":[18,37,56,66,94,116,212,229,234,239,251],"polyfluoroalkyl":[19],"substances":[20],"(PFAS).":[21],"The":[22],"long-term":[23],"performance":[24],"an":[26],"engineered":[27],"CAC":[28,40,64,92,129,145,211,257],"barrier":[29],"will":[30],"depend,":[31],"part,":[33],"on":[34,63,236],"emplacement":[36],"remobilization":[38,67,98,160,240],"particles":[41],"within":[42,68],"aquifer":[43],"media.":[44],"We":[45],"here":[46],"explored":[47],"influence":[49,224],"calcium":[51],"ions":[52],"(Ca":[53],"2+":[54,80,204,233],")":[55],"Suwanee":[57],"River":[58],"natural":[59],"organic":[60],"matter":[61],"(SRNOM)":[62],"deposition":[65,93,148,238],"saturated":[69],"sand":[70,132,184],"columns.":[71],"Our":[72,219],"results":[73],"showed":[74,196],"that":[75,197],"presence":[77,228],"Ca":[79,121,203,232],"(e.g.,":[81],">5":[82],"mM)":[83,90],"under":[84,149,198],"high":[85,150],"ionic":[86,105,151,166,201],"strength":[87,106,152,167],"conditions":[88,153],"(100":[89,154],"enhanced":[91,159],"subsequently":[95],"reduced":[96,147],"its":[97],"upon":[99,161],"introduction":[101],"low":[104,165],"solution":[107],"(i.e.,":[108],"DI":[109],"water).":[110],"A":[111],"combination":[112],"cation":[114],"bridging":[115],"electrostatic":[117],"screening,":[118],"driven":[119,173],"2+,":[122],"contributed":[123],"to":[124],"increased":[126,175,205],"retention":[127],"column.":[133],"In":[134],"contrast,":[135],"when":[136,182],"SRNOM":[137],"was":[138],"present":[139],"at":[140,178],"concentrations":[141],"above":[142],"5":[143],"mg/L,":[144],"exhibited":[146],"mM),":[155],"followed":[156],"markedly":[158],"flushing":[162],"with":[163],"solution.":[168],"This":[169],"behavior":[170],"primarily":[172],"electrosteric":[176],"repulsion":[177],"CAC\u2013sand":[180],"interface":[181],"surfaces":[185],"are":[186],"coated":[187],"NOM.":[189],"Atomic":[190],"force":[191,194],"microscopy":[192],"(AFM)":[193],"measurements":[195],"same":[200],"strength,":[202],"work":[207,220],"adhesion":[209],"between":[210],"silica":[213],"surfaces,":[214],"whereas":[215],"NOM":[216,235],"decreased":[217],"it.":[218],"underscores":[221],"critical":[223],"both":[226],"concentration":[230],"behaviors":[241],"CAC,":[243],"providing":[244],"valuable":[245],"insights":[246],"into":[247],"engineering":[249],"design":[250],"practical":[252],"implementation":[253],"sorptive":[258],"barriers":[259],"effective":[261],"PFAS":[262],"remediation.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
