{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410865239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","title":"ROCK-dependent mechanotransduction of macroscale forces drives fibrosis in degenerative spinal disease","display_name":"ROCK-dependent mechanotransduction of macroscale forces drives fibrosis in degenerative spinal disease","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410865239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40442480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764624792","display_name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"2157-846X","issn":["2157-846X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010878662","display_name":"Muhamed Hadzipasic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhamed Hadzipasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045926399","display_name":"Margaret S. Sten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret S. Sten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004513411","display_name":"Elie Massaad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-914X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-914X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elie Massaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015603174","display_name":"Ali Kiapour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-9191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-9191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Kiapour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069233048","display_name":"Ian David Connolly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-6344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-6344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian D. Connolly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104259010","display_name":"Eric Esposito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065430327","display_name":"Ryan P. Burns","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014186857","display_name":"George Nageeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-1474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-1474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Nageeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042518733","display_name":"Muneeb A Sharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-5355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-5355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muneeb A. Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-5355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph Bradley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Bradley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026556566","display_name":"Leland G. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8309-7738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8309-7738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leland Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sami Shaikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040574740","display_name":"Bryan D. Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-2470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-2470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan D. Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089070079","display_name":"G. Petur Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-7211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-7211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunnlaugur P. Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111175814","display_name":"Jean-Val\u00e9ry C. E. Coumans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Valery C. Coumans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102994179","display_name":"Lawrence F. Borges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-180X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-180X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence F. Borges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035149869","display_name":"John H. Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-8108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-8108","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-0054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John H. Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003974495","display_name":"Alan Jay Grodzinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-3456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-3456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan J. Grodzinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021812533","display_name":"Hadi\u00a0Tavakoli Nia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-9901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-9901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi T. Nia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-9901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088091513","display_name":"Ganesh M. Shankar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5203-8619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5203-8619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ganesh M. Shankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gshankar@mgh.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5203-8619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gshankar@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088091513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92794729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"1677","last_page":"1690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.18490000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanotransduction","display_name":"mechanotransduction","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rho-kinase","display_name":"Rho kinase","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degenerative-spinal-disease","display_name":"degenerative spine disease","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrosis","display_name":"fibrosis","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligamentum-flavum","display_name":"ligamentum flavum","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myofibroblasts","display_name":"myofibroblasts","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smooth-muscle-alpha-actin","display_name":"smooth muscle actin","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-stress","display_name":"mechanical stress","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-stiffness","display_name":"tissue stiffness","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rho-kinase-inhibitor","display_name":"ROCK inhibitor","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181104049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11936292","display_name":"Mechanotransduction","level":2,"score":0.8461331129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779354088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15467261","display_name":"Degeneration (medical)","level":2,"score":0.6061797738075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5717595815658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.5635032057762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48089078068733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954257","display_name":"Degenerative disease","level":3,"score":0.46557825803756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3828124701976776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.363960325717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3617379069328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2553578019142151}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000199","descriptor_name":"Actins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017843","descriptor_name":"Ligamentum Flavum","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017843","descriptor_name":"Ligamentum Flavum","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040542","descriptor_name":"Mechanotransduction, Cellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054460","descriptor_name":"rho-Associated Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054460","descriptor_name":"rho-Associated Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058628","descriptor_name":"Myofibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058628","descriptor_name":"Myofibroblasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01396-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764624792","display_name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"2157-846X","issn":["2157-846X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40442480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40442480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature biomedical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307386","display_name":"North American Spine Society","ror":"https://ror.org/04txr4v68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511659974","https://openalex.org/W1878807841","https://openalex.org/W1963180134","https://openalex.org/W1981923968","https://openalex.org/W1987699926","https://openalex.org/W2002380991","https://openalex.org/W2034691102","https://openalex.org/W2054742620","https://openalex.org/W2075821933","https://openalex.org/W2108647599","https://openalex.org/W2124817079","https://openalex.org/W2134164289","https://openalex.org/W2155116729","https://openalex.org/W2159634163","https://openalex.org/W2169456326","https://openalex.org/W2179438025","https://openalex.org/W2235739696","https://openalex.org/W2416145604","https://openalex.org/W2513294073","https://openalex.org/W2551675717","https://openalex.org/W2566352072","https://openalex.org/W2586836886","https://openalex.org/W2590618920","https://openalex.org/W2604309290","https://openalex.org/W2737652670","https://openalex.org/W2745760377","https://openalex.org/W2752492299","https://openalex.org/W2763391192","https://openalex.org/W2781527068","https://openalex.org/W2790105987","https://openalex.org/W2799479598","https://openalex.org/W2800415010","https://openalex.org/W2889965700","https://openalex.org/W2898598946","https://openalex.org/W2928665623","https://openalex.org/W2940845998","https://openalex.org/W2942697220","https://openalex.org/W3007757041","https://openalex.org/W3018655866","https://openalex.org/W3037877663","https://openalex.org/W3038893873","https://openalex.org/W3043390187","https://openalex.org/W3143335635","https://openalex.org/W3155595782","https://openalex.org/W3184368135","https://openalex.org/W3187721101","https://openalex.org/W3190550140","https://openalex.org/W3195278545","https://openalex.org/W3212847699","https://openalex.org/W4200268960","https://openalex.org/W4306834602","https://openalex.org/W4387121198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410974011","https://openalex.org/W3193350763","https://openalex.org/W2589290530","https://openalex.org/W2004107033","https://openalex.org/W1992398821","https://openalex.org/W2802314304","https://openalex.org/W2033055551","https://openalex.org/W3162036991","https://openalex.org/W2586836886","https://openalex.org/W3173146088"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
