{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410808564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","title":"Development of an Exosuit Knee Brace for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury","display_name":"Development of an Exosuit Knee Brace for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410808564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223690","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics","issn_l":"2576-3202","issn":["2576-3202"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020258311","display_name":"Jing\u2010Sheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Sheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-1570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117724639","display_name":"Elaine Lowinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Lowinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025250267","display_name":"Morgan E. Leslie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan E. Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033196046","display_name":"Geoffrey S. Balkman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey S. Balkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-4647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082345097","display_name":"Roy D. Kornbluh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-886X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-886X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy Kornbluh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015269425","display_name":"William D. Lack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-2808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-2808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William D. Lack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-2808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019907954","display_name":"Patrick M. Aubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-2016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-2016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick M. Aubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069052965","display_name":"Thomas Libby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-4979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-4979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Libby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-4979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Laboratory, SRI, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06878816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1164","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10442","display_name":"Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exosuits","display_name":"exosuits","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-brace","display_name":"knee brace","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cruciate-ligament-injury","display_name":"anterior cruciate ligament injury","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-stabilization","display_name":"knee stabilization","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cable-driven-actuation","display_name":"cable-driven actuation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-flexion-range-of-motion","display_name":"knee flexion range of motion","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walking","display_name":"walking","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-to-sport","display_name":"return to sport","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-materials","display_name":"flexible materials","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.8259022831916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778434673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611127","display_name":"Anterior cruciate ligament","level":2,"score":0.5808139443397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5807393789291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.4356686770915985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.39967504143714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.382492333650589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.2548275589942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.23177754878997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1351948082447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06285709142684937}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmrb.2025.3573397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223690","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics","issn_l":"2576-3202","issn":["2576-3202"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2485666548","display_name":"Active Smart Orthotic for Rehabilitation of Knee Injuries","funder_award_id":"W81XWH-21-1-0461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338273","funder_display_name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3532784526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WW81XWH-21-1-0461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338273","funder_display_name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338273","display_name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","ror":"https://ror.org/03g2zjp07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892753441","https://openalex.org/W1995296246","https://openalex.org/W1995883447","https://openalex.org/W2006581813","https://openalex.org/W2025694286","https://openalex.org/W2036200739","https://openalex.org/W2042853420","https://openalex.org/W2043137231","https://openalex.org/W2053161494","https://openalex.org/W2061870125","https://openalex.org/W2088873954","https://openalex.org/W2116941363","https://openalex.org/W2117180728","https://openalex.org/W2134532524","https://openalex.org/W2143156177","https://openalex.org/W2143253835","https://openalex.org/W2163431849","https://openalex.org/W2168265987","https://openalex.org/W2168672049","https://openalex.org/W2204784454","https://openalex.org/W2414348139","https://openalex.org/W2496615660","https://openalex.org/W2531008168","https://openalex.org/W2586446558","https://openalex.org/W2605334320","https://openalex.org/W2734539228","https://openalex.org/W2737156933","https://openalex.org/W2765826136","https://openalex.org/W2953941955","https://openalex.org/W2966389678","https://openalex.org/W2993786518","https://openalex.org/W2998913554","https://openalex.org/W3095487621","https://openalex.org/W3127296087","https://openalex.org/W4200070307","https://openalex.org/W4292248754","https://openalex.org/W4318919279","https://openalex.org/W4386385556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039982706","https://openalex.org/W2810297475","https://openalex.org/W4400781461","https://openalex.org/W2470426039","https://openalex.org/W3104890448","https://openalex.org/W3040064449","https://openalex.org/W4239790411","https://openalex.org/W2471375663","https://openalex.org/W2898722424","https://openalex.org/W3137466951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"anterior":[1],"cruciate":[2],"ligament":[3],"(ACL)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,47,67,126,133],"crucial":[7],"passive":[8],"stabilizer":[9],"of":[10,20,122,128,136,162],"the":[11,17,21,37,80,129,147,172],"knee":[12,22,26,49,70,112,163,174],"joint.":[13,23],"ACL":[14],"injuries":[15],"affect":[16],"anteroposterior":[18],"stability":[19],"Many":[24],"rigid":[25],"braces":[27],"with":[28,132],"hinge":[29],"designs":[30],"claim":[31],"to":[32,53,57,65,76,116,119],"provide":[33],"stabilization":[34],"forces":[35,87],"for":[36,101,106],"knee,":[38],"however,":[39],"current":[40],"clinical":[41],"practice":[42],"guidelines":[43],"recommend":[44],"not":[45],"using":[46,91],"functional":[48],"brace":[50,71,113,175,181],"during":[51,88,125,146,156,178],"return":[52,56],"activity":[54],"and":[55,104,143,180],"play":[58],"phases.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"study,":[62],"we":[63],"aimed":[64],"design":[66,102],"hinge-less":[68],"exosuit":[69,111,173],"that":[72],"combines":[73],"flexible":[74],"materials":[75],"improve":[77],"comfort":[78],"at":[79,139],"brace-body":[81],"interface":[82],"while":[83],"providing":[84],"dynamic":[85],"support":[86],"walking":[89,107,158],"tasks":[90],"an":[92],"offboard":[93],"actuation":[94],"system.":[95],"We":[96],"recruited":[97],"11":[98],"participants:":[99],"5":[100,169],"tests":[103],"6":[105],"tests.":[108,159],"Our":[109],"active":[110],"was":[114,165,176,183],"able":[115],"produce":[117],"up":[118],"88.9":[120],"N":[121],"cable":[123],"force":[124],"portion":[127],"stance":[130],"phase":[131],"rise":[134],"time":[135],"111-150":[137],"milliseconds":[138],"different":[140],"load":[141],"settings":[142],"under":[144],"10N":[145],"swing":[148],"phase.":[149],"Comfort":[150],"scores":[151],"were":[152],"high":[153],"(>":[154],"7)":[155],"most":[157,188],"range":[161],"flexion":[164],"reduced":[166],"by":[167],"about":[168],"degrees":[170],"when":[171],"activated":[177],"walking,":[179],"migration":[182],"within":[184],"10":[185],"mm":[186],"in":[187],"cases.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}