{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410696035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","title":"Weighted Repeated Measures Correlation Coefficient: A New Correlation Coefficient for Handling Missing Data With Repeated Measures","display_name":"Weighted Repeated Measures Correlation Coefficient: A New Correlation Coefficient for Handling Missing Data With Repeated Measures","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410696035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40407109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sim.70046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sim.70046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55189604","display_name":"Statistics in Medicine","issn_l":"0277-6715","issn":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sim.70046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039800754","display_name":"Masahiro Kondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107168","display_name":"Keio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8ej563","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107168"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Kondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics Unit Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital  Tokyo Japan","Graduate School of Health Management Keio University  Kanagawa Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Unit Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Health Management Keio University  Kanagawa Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026733873","display_name":"Kengo Nagashima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-9045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-9045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107168","display_name":"Keio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8ej563","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107168"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kengo Nagashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biostatistics Unit Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-9045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics Unit Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078053684","display_name":"Shiroh Isono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-6098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-6098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiroh Isono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Respiratory Molecular Medicine Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University  Chiba Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Respiratory Molecular Medicine Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University  Chiba Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012506063","display_name":"Yasunori Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-5126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-5126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasunori Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039800754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103","https://openalex.org/I4210107168"],"apc_list":{"value":5450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5450},"apc_paid":{"value":5450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5450},"fwci":0.8714,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70856685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10-12","first_page":"e70046","last_page":"e70046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14406","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-measures-correlation","display_name":"repeated measures correlation","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"missing data","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"correlation coefficient","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-independent-data","display_name":"non-independent data","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrap-confidence-intervals","display_name":"bootstrap confidence intervals","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearson-correlation","display_name":"Pearson correlation","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-mixed-models","display_name":"linear mixed models","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-covariance","display_name":"covariance analysis","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.8697353601455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.8385847806930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106366893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454862","display_name":"Fisher transformation","level":3,"score":0.7597112655639648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7307376265525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.6950417757034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.628623366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.591785192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.5760568976402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121694360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282862","display_name":"Distance correlation","level":3,"score":0.4897615909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103423394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172857","display_name":"Correlation ratio","level":3,"score":0.4743077754974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.4612622857093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4185892343521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.11903077363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078331","descriptor_name":"Correlation of Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078331","descriptor_name":"Correlation of Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078331","descriptor_name":"Correlation of Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/sim.70046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sim.70046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55189604","display_name":"Statistics in Medicine","issn_l":"0277-6715","issn":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40407109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40407109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12100710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12100710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stat Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sim.70046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70046","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sim.70046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55189604","display_name":"Statistics in Medicine","issn_l":"0277-6715","issn":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Statistics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410696035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410696035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494341793","https://openalex.org/W1576716602","https://openalex.org/W2060932201","https://openalex.org/W2068424259","https://openalex.org/W2313339984","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2511883439","https://openalex.org/W2913951325","https://openalex.org/W3013810674","https://openalex.org/W3125252589","https://openalex.org/W3139262878","https://openalex.org/W3212389048","https://openalex.org/W4210552608","https://openalex.org/W4224233095","https://openalex.org/W4226137524","https://openalex.org/W4247236552","https://openalex.org/W4285390904","https://openalex.org/W4366463974","https://openalex.org/W4378802672","https://openalex.org/W4380368260","https://openalex.org/W4382135704","https://openalex.org/W4384119986","https://openalex.org/W4396772027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092478740","https://openalex.org/W357196361","https://openalex.org/W2560331580","https://openalex.org/W3096637473","https://openalex.org/W2902030547","https://openalex.org/W4223947088","https://openalex.org/W2020694312","https://openalex.org/W1584110237","https://openalex.org/W3013810674","https://openalex.org/W3089598502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"relationship":[1],"between":[2],"two":[3],"variables":[4],"measured":[5],"multiple":[6],"times":[7],"per":[8],"individual":[9],"has":[10],"often":[11],"been":[12,37],"evaluated":[13,100],"in":[14,40,72,75,174],"clinical":[15],"studies.":[16],"These":[17],"data":[18,35],"are":[19],"not":[20],"independent;":[21],"therefore,":[22],"the":[23,41,46,80,93,101,104,114,122,138,154],"Pearson":[24,111,115,123],"correlation":[25,31,61,97,112,116,124,126,134,168],"coefficient":[26,62,117,127,135,169],"is":[27],"inappropriate,":[28],"and":[29,106,133,144],"some":[30],"coefficients":[32],"for":[33,92,118],"these":[34],"have":[36,79],"proposed.":[38],"However,":[39],"presence":[42],"of":[43,83,103,121,131],"missing":[44,70,172],"data,":[45,71],"existing":[47,107,159],"methods":[48,108],"can":[49],"be":[50],"biased.":[51],"In":[52,149],"this":[53],"article,":[54],"we":[55],"proposed":[56,105,155],"a":[57,73,88,164],"weighted":[58,94,165],"repeated":[59,95,166],"measures":[60,96,167],"that":[63],"provides":[64],"an":[65],"accurate":[66],"estimate,":[67],"even":[68],"with":[69],"study":[74],"which":[76],"participants":[77],"ideally":[78],"same":[81],"number":[82],"measurements.":[84],"We":[85,99,161],"also":[86],"provided":[87],"bootstrap":[89],"confidence":[90],"interval":[91],"coefficients.":[98],"performance":[102],"(i.e.,":[109],"simple":[110],"coefficient,":[113,125],"average,":[119],"average":[120],"based":[128,136],"on":[129,137],"analysis":[130],"covariance,":[132],"linear":[139],"mixed-effects":[140],"model)":[141],"through":[142],"simulations":[143],"application":[145],"to":[146,170],"actual":[147],"data.":[148,176],"numerical":[150],"evaluations":[151],"using":[152,163],"simulations,":[153],"method":[156],"consistently":[157],"outperformed":[158],"methods.":[160],"recommend":[162],"handle":[171],"values":[173],"multiple-measurement":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
