{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410345396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","title":"Effect of Methanol Injection Timing on Performance of Marine Diesel Engines and Emission Reduction","display_name":"Effect of Methanol Injection Timing on Performance of Marine Diesel Engines and Emission Reduction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410345396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse13050949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/949/pdf?version=1747147102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/949/pdf?version=1747147102","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031737871","display_name":"Hao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-1089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-1089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001688277","display_name":"Veysi Ba\u015fhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-1754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-1754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Veysi Ba\u015fhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-1754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012602821","display_name":"Cairui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cairui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044014758","display_name":"F\u0131rat Bolat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firat Bolat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024000625","display_name":"Hakan Demirel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7579-7064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7579-7064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakan Demirel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maritime Clean Energy Research Laboratory (MarCERLab), \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul 34940, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337435","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-3599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-3599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001688277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":2.2061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87259995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"949","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-diesel-engines","display_name":"marine diesel engines","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-emissions","display_name":"ship emissions","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-reduction","display_name":"soot reduction","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-characteristics","display_name":"combustion characteristics","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-release-rate","display_name":"heat release rate","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-front-propagation","display_name":"flame front propagation","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.7662762403488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6675156354904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6557492017745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.5753456950187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.4553624987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3838645815849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22408562898635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14557912945747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07568678259849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse13050949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/949/pdf?version=1747147102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56c0f00469a44b4e8ad29d9b59061b63","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56c0f00469a44b4e8ad29d9b59061b63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 949 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/47020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/47020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse13050949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/949/pdf?version=1747147102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6040596262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23230750300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335968","funder_display_name":"Scientific and Innovative Action Plan of Shanghai"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335968","display_name":"Scientific and Innovative Action Plan of Shanghai","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410345396.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410345396.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035406869","https://openalex.org/W2090904105","https://openalex.org/W2145191626","https://openalex.org/W2605944628","https://openalex.org/W2770854626","https://openalex.org/W2885638279","https://openalex.org/W2992517192","https://openalex.org/W3038119245","https://openalex.org/W3097537006","https://openalex.org/W3134934045","https://openalex.org/W3174528928","https://openalex.org/W3183322559","https://openalex.org/W3186575930","https://openalex.org/W4221114395","https://openalex.org/W4280653000","https://openalex.org/W4282054017","https://openalex.org/W4296636196","https://openalex.org/W4307957124","https://openalex.org/W4385997778","https://openalex.org/W4388015221","https://openalex.org/W4389375008","https://openalex.org/W4396521440","https://openalex.org/W4403626288","https://openalex.org/W4406027677","https://openalex.org/W4406069335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411523729","https://openalex.org/W4402966598","https://openalex.org/W3214486195","https://openalex.org/W4406069335","https://openalex.org/W4406027677","https://openalex.org/W7154158287","https://openalex.org/W4388015221","https://openalex.org/W4403626288","https://openalex.org/W4404920501","https://openalex.org/W4416422373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methanol":[0],"is":[1,23],"a":[2,24,55,204],"promising":[3],"low-carbon":[4],"fuel":[5],"that":[6,97,150],"can":[7,42,128,156,187,202],"effectively":[8,157],"reduce":[9,168],"environmental":[10],"pollution":[11],"from":[12],"ships":[13],"compared":[14],"to":[15,189],"traditional":[16],"fuels.":[17],"The":[18],"timing":[19,83,103,127],"of":[20,30,48,80,90,100,109,143,171,211],"methanol":[21,81,101,125,151,212],"injection":[22,41,82,102,126,152,214],"major":[25],"factor":[26],"affecting":[27],"the":[28,45,62,75,78,85,98,107,110,130,140,159,169,208],"performance":[29,142],"internal":[31],"combustion":[32,46,86,111,131,161,164],"engines,":[33],"and":[34,87,120,135,166],"either":[35],"too":[36,39],"late":[37],"or":[38],"early":[40],"severely":[43],"impact":[44,79],"efficiency":[47],"an":[49,190],"engine.":[50],"This":[51,147,200],"paper":[52],"focused":[53],"on":[54,84],"4135Aca":[56],"marine":[57,91,144],"diesel":[58,92,145],"engine":[59],"produced":[60],"by":[61],"Shanghai":[63],"Diesel":[64],"Engine":[65],"Factory":[66],"in":[67,192],"China.":[68],"Using":[69],"CONVERGE/3.0":[70],"software":[71],"for":[72,207,216],"numerical":[73],"simulation,":[74],"study":[76,148],"analyzed":[77],"emission":[88],"characteristics":[89],"engines.":[93,146],"It":[94],"was":[95],"found":[96],"determination":[99],"should":[104],"comprehensively":[105],"consider":[106],"effects":[108],"start":[112],"point,":[113],"mixture":[114],"quality,":[115],"flame":[116],"front":[117],"propagation":[118],"speed,":[119],"evaporation":[121],"heat":[122,136],"absorption.":[123],"Appropriate":[124],"improve":[129,163],"duration,":[132],"cylinder":[133],"pressure,":[134],"release":[137],"rate,":[138],"enhancing":[139],"power":[141],"shows":[149],"at":[153],"\u221230":[154],"\u00b0CA":[155],"control":[158],"in-cylinder":[160],"process,":[162],"efficiency,":[165],"significantly":[167],"emissions":[170],"pollutants":[172],"such":[173],"as":[174],"soot":[175],"(by":[176,179,182,194],"60.5%),":[177],"HC":[178],"3.6%),":[180],"CO":[181],"95.3%),":[183],"etc.":[184],"However,":[185],"it":[186],"lead":[188],"increase":[191],"NOx":[193],"3.7%)":[195],"generation":[196],"under":[197],"high-temperature":[198],"conditions.":[199],"research":[201],"provide":[203],"certain":[205],"reference":[206],"engineering":[209],"application":[210],"direct":[213],"engines":[215],"ships.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-05-14T00:00:00"}