{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410327170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","title":"Sustainable Value Creation and Board Gender Diversity in Multinational Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Degree of Internationalisation","display_name":"Sustainable Value Creation and Board Gender Diversity in Multinational Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Degree of Internationalisation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410327170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bse.71722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bse.71722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205793605","display_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","issn_l":"0964-4733","issn":["0964-4733","1099-0836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bse.71722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neetu Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-2670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-2670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neetu Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-2670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amir Hafizullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-1945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-1945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hafizullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-1945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ashraful Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-235X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-235X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraful Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-235X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Edet Okon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edet Okon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salford Business School University of Salford  Salford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00203042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-value-creation","display_name":"sustainable value creation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-gender-diversity","display_name":"board gender diversity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-theory","display_name":"stakeholder theory","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimacy-theory","display_name":"legitimacy theory","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"information asymmetry","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-oversight","display_name":"board oversight","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.8971436023712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.8898559808731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.692097544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.6470874547958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6302896738052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5570451617240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.49384671449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11700776","display_name":"Value creation","level":2,"score":0.4362357258796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.39215201139450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.34182706475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.26349151134490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17526286840438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13519415259361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09540385007858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bse.71722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bse.71722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205793605","display_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","issn_l":"0964-4733","issn":["0964-4733","1099-0836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.5252360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5252360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5252360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bse.71722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71722","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bse.71722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205793605","display_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","issn_l":"0964-4733","issn":["0964-4733","1099-0836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Strategy and the Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410327170.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410327170.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W879819589","https://openalex.org/W1510371357","https://openalex.org/W1571091048","https://openalex.org/W1747167707","https://openalex.org/W1797402740","https://openalex.org/W1923843007","https://openalex.org/W1971425870","https://openalex.org/W1988805390","https://openalex.org/W2007177360","https://openalex.org/W2012411524","https://openalex.org/W2023388041","https://openalex.org/W2024983754","https://openalex.org/W2034764302","https://openalex.org/W2045426908","https://openalex.org/W2059678265","https://openalex.org/W2088508036","https://openalex.org/W2096167588","https://openalex.org/W2101888386","https://openalex.org/W2104925322","https://openalex.org/W2112336944","https://openalex.org/W2120933199","https://openalex.org/W2138413342","https://openalex.org/W2140699752","https://openalex.org/W2140999385","https://openalex.org/W2141896290","https://openalex.org/W2148049298","https://openalex.org/W2149109368","https://openalex.org/W2153646537","https://openalex.org/W2153784191","https://openalex.org/W2162412465","https://openalex.org/W2164946207","https://openalex.org/W2238780663","https://openalex.org/W2364712772","https://openalex.org/W2579278731","https://openalex.org/W2756358598","https://openalex.org/W2762369203","https://openalex.org/W2765836912","https://openalex.org/W2794908977","https://openalex.org/W2802901161","https://openalex.org/W2888068400","https://openalex.org/W2897634385","https://openalex.org/W2899954554","https://openalex.org/W2939456514","https://openalex.org/W2944847255","https://openalex.org/W2947629033","https://openalex.org/W2964190367","https://openalex.org/W2964755164","https://openalex.org/W2966603750","https://openalex.org/W2980299418","https://openalex.org/W2982662624","https://openalex.org/W2985461262","https://openalex.org/W2999037825","https://openalex.org/W3003381597","https://openalex.org/W3003551252","https://openalex.org/W3015184088","https://openalex.org/W3037391393","https://openalex.org/W3095522781","https://openalex.org/W3110025562","https://openalex.org/W3110265610","https://openalex.org/W3121627254","https://openalex.org/W3122874040","https://openalex.org/W3125518972","https://openalex.org/W3165395255","https://openalex.org/W3165623490","https://openalex.org/W3195412232","https://openalex.org/W3209428977","https://openalex.org/W3210917127","https://openalex.org/W4205912409","https://openalex.org/W4206363339","https://openalex.org/W4242709221","https://openalex.org/W4254931427","https://openalex.org/W4282009069","https://openalex.org/W4283369112","https://openalex.org/W4293031934","https://openalex.org/W4311004841","https://openalex.org/W4320011871","https://openalex.org/W4385471344","https://openalex.org/W4387876931","https://openalex.org/W4394811624","https://openalex.org/W4394859469","https://openalex.org/W4394960565","https://openalex.org/W4399867740","https://openalex.org/W4400313552","https://openalex.org/W4400961871","https://openalex.org/W4405834382","https://openalex.org/W4406291828","https://openalex.org/W4407399560","https://openalex.org/W4408277712","https://openalex.org/W4408945951","https://openalex.org/W4412362636","https://openalex.org/W4413790953","https://openalex.org/W4417519948","https://openalex.org/W7151976531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415999854","https://openalex.org/W4412783728","https://openalex.org/W4413790953","https://openalex.org/W7082412705","https://openalex.org/W4412582939","https://openalex.org/W4207004299","https://openalex.org/W4379280504","https://openalex.org/W7111348856","https://openalex.org/W7208783932","https://openalex.org/W4416004924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1,118],"study":[2,119],"explores":[3],"the":[4,17,37,55,70,89,109,137],"empirical":[5],"relationship":[6],"between":[7],"sustainable":[8,145],"value":[9,146],"creation":[10],"(SVC),":[11],"board":[12],"gender":[13],"diversity":[14],"(BGD)":[15],"and":[16,40,48,60,66,79,112,125,132],"degree":[18],"of":[19,30,58,115,140],"internationalisation":[20],"(DOI)":[21],"in":[22,143],"multinational":[23],"enterprises":[24],"(MNEs).":[25],"Using":[26],"an":[27],"unbalanced":[28],"panel":[29],"285":[31],"MNEs":[32,107],"across":[33],"22":[34],"countries":[35],"over":[36],"period":[38],"2016\u20132025":[39],"employing":[41],"high\u2010dimensional":[42],"fixed":[43],"effects":[44,57],"(FE),":[45],"system":[46],"GMM":[47],"entropy":[49],"balancing":[50],"techniques,":[51],"we":[52],"find":[53],"that":[54,88],"individual":[56],"BGD":[59],"DOI":[61],"on":[62,82],"SVC":[63],"are":[64],"negative":[65],"insignificant,":[67],"respectively.":[68],"However,":[69],"interaction":[71],"term":[72],"(BGD":[73],"\u00d7":[74],"DOI)":[75],"has":[76],"a":[77,99,103],"positive":[78],"significant":[80],"effect":[81],"SVC.":[83],"Theoretically,":[84],"our":[85],"findings":[86],"suggest":[87],"rigorous":[90],"monitoring":[91],"associated":[92],"with":[93],"gender\u2010diverse":[94],"boards":[95],"shifts":[96],"from":[97],"being":[98],"coordination":[100],"cost":[101],"to":[102,121,135],"value\u2010enhancing":[104],"asset":[105],"as":[106],"face":[108],"heightened":[110],"complexity":[111],"information":[113],"asymmetry":[114],"global":[116],"operations.":[117],"contributes":[120],"Sustainability,":[122],"Corporate":[123],"Governance":[124],"International":[126],"Business":[127],"literature":[128],"by":[129],"synthesising":[130],"stakeholder":[131],"legitimacy":[133],"perspectives":[134],"explain":[136],"contingent":[138],"role":[139],"corporate":[141],"governance":[142],"MNE":[144],"creation.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-05-14T00:00:00"}