{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410323939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","title":"Critical Appraisal of Evidence on Platelet-Rich Plasma and Stem Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Narrative Review","display_name":"Critical Appraisal of Evidence on Platelet-Rich Plasma and Stem Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Narrative Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410323939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40510063","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12159960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.84009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/359737/20250513-663492-ma3ego.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/359737/20250513-663492-ma3ego.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammed Ishfaq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Ishfaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Praveen Gopi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Gopi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmad Omar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027002892","display_name":"Michael S. Floyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-3357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-3357"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S Floyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110970373","display_name":"Ekene Victor Ezenwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekene Victor Ezenwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060355047","display_name":"Srinath Ravichandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-0249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-0249"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinath Ravichandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108765157","display_name":"Kaylie E Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaylie E Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endourology and Reconstructive Urology, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, GBR","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20914214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"e84009","last_page":"e84009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-urinary-incontinence","display_name":"stress urinary incontinence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-rich-plasma","display_name":"platelet-rich plasma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell-therapy","display_name":"stem cell therapy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-medicine","display_name":"regenerative medicine","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-sphincter-deficiency","display_name":"intrinsic sphincter deficiency","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-hypermobility","display_name":"urethral hypermobility","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prp-preparation-standardization","display_name":"PRP preparation standardization","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"treatment efficacy and safety","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urodynamic-parameters","display_name":"urodynamic parameters","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9480776786804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778531004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281490","display_name":"Urinary incontinence","level":2,"score":0.7014826536178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.47359445691108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4702184200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4645649492740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.4275566041469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.34324049949645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3027261793613434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28270453214645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.14951327443122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.13198953866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.84009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/359737/20250513-663492-ma3ego.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40510063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40510063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12159960","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12159960/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.84009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.84009","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/359737/20250513-663492-ma3ego.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410323939.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410323939.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827096234","https://openalex.org/W1895721865","https://openalex.org/W1977380005","https://openalex.org/W1978552578","https://openalex.org/W1998527128","https://openalex.org/W2012034410","https://openalex.org/W2026819164","https://openalex.org/W2033906822","https://openalex.org/W2043814109","https://openalex.org/W2047262282","https://openalex.org/W2057856415","https://openalex.org/W2070378734","https://openalex.org/W2081441161","https://openalex.org/W2141105017","https://openalex.org/W2148176235","https://openalex.org/W2325905945","https://openalex.org/W2398063748","https://openalex.org/W2402768981","https://openalex.org/W2748489408","https://openalex.org/W2913863236","https://openalex.org/W2916882027","https://openalex.org/W2941041982","https://openalex.org/W2942294738","https://openalex.org/W2942833763","https://openalex.org/W3046914745","https://openalex.org/W3082814429","https://openalex.org/W3091097189","https://openalex.org/W3123344953","https://openalex.org/W3134292804","https://openalex.org/W4210884979","https://openalex.org/W4220953380","https://openalex.org/W4310543189","https://openalex.org/W4313314070","https://openalex.org/W4365135261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135049724","https://openalex.org/W7220451481","https://openalex.org/W7215647413","https://openalex.org/W4392372582","https://openalex.org/W3165721707","https://openalex.org/W4294577819","https://openalex.org/W4403289884","https://openalex.org/W4415297009","https://openalex.org/W3017003377","https://openalex.org/W4402674949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stress":[0],"urinary":[1],"incontinence":[2],"(SUI)":[3],"is":[4,13],"a":[5,185,227],"common":[6],"condition,":[7],"affecting":[8],"20%":[9],"of":[10,19,93,103,161,179,187,209,259],"individuals.":[11],"It":[12],"defined":[14],"by":[15],"the":[16,89,126,159,175,206],"involuntary":[17],"loss":[18],"urine":[20],"during":[21],"activities":[22],"that":[23,230],"increase":[24],"intra-abdominal":[25],"pressure,":[26],"such":[27,63],"as":[28,64],"coughing":[29],"or":[30,39,237],"physical":[31],"exertion.":[32],"SUI":[33,114,214],"may":[34],"result":[35],"from":[36],"urethral":[37,77],"hypermobility":[38],"intrinsic":[40],"sphincter":[41,193,260],"deficiency.":[42],"Conventional":[43],"treatments,":[44],"including":[45],"pelvic":[46],"floor":[47],"exercises,":[48],"sling":[49],"surgeries,":[50],"and":[51,58,68,79,91,95,119,135,147,153,163,177,196,215,244,262,271],"bulking":[52],"agents,":[53],"have":[54],"varying":[55],"success":[56],"rates":[57],"complications.":[59],"Emerging":[60],"regenerative":[61],"therapies":[62],"platelet-rich":[65],"plasma":[66],"(PRP)":[67],"stem":[69,165,210,235],"cell":[70,211,236],"therapy":[71],"(SCT)":[72],"hold":[73],"promise":[74],"for":[75,97,200,234],"improving":[76],"support":[78],"rhabdosphincter":[80],"function.":[81],"This":[82,203,267],"review":[83,204],"critically":[84],"examines":[85],"recent":[86],"evidence":[87,258],"on":[88,108,112,213],"efficacy":[90],"safety":[92],"PRP":[94,118,162,201,238],"SCT":[96,120],"treating":[98],"SUI.":[99],"A":[100],"thorough":[101],"search":[102],"databases":[104],"was":[105,184],"conducted,":[106],"focusing":[107],"clinical":[109,123,221],"studies":[110,130,157],"published":[111],"adult":[113],"patients":[115],"treated":[116],"with":[117],"interventions.":[121],"Nine":[122],"trials":[124,224],"met":[125],"inclusion":[127],"criteria.":[128],"All":[129],"were":[131,140],"conducted":[132],"between":[133],"2011":[134],"2024.":[136],"The":[137],"keywords":[138],"used":[139],"\"Stress":[141],"Urinary":[142],"Incontinence\",":[143],"\"Regenerative":[144],"Medicine\",":[145],"Cell-":[146],"Tissue-Based":[148],"Therapy\",":[149],"\"Stem":[150,154],"Cell":[151],"Transplantation\",":[152],"Cell\".":[155],"These":[156],"investigated":[158],"use":[160],"mesenchymal":[164],"cells,":[166],"but":[167],"inconsistencies":[168],"in":[169,254,273],"treatment":[170,275],"protocols":[171],"raise":[172],"concerns":[173],"about":[174],"reliability":[176,272],"generalizability":[178],"their":[180],"findings.":[181],"Additionally,":[182],"there":[183],"lack":[186],"detailed":[188,232],"assessment":[189],"tools":[190],"to":[191,219],"evaluate":[192],"regeneration":[194],"post-treatment":[195],"no":[197],"standardized":[198,228],"methods":[199,233],"preparation.":[202],"describes":[205],"current":[207],"status":[208],"research":[212],"suggests":[216],"future":[217],"directions":[218],"facilitate":[220],"applications.":[222],"Future":[223],"should":[225],"follow":[226],"protocol":[229],"includes":[231],"preparation,":[239],"dosage":[240],"determination,":[241],"application":[242],"techniques,":[243],"necessary":[245],"pre-procedural":[246],"assessments.":[247],"Objective":[248],"outcome":[249],"measures":[250],"must":[251],"incorporate":[252],"improvements":[253],"urodynamic":[255],"parameters,":[256],"MRI":[257],"regeneration,":[261],"comprehensive":[263],"long-term":[264],"follow-up":[265],"evaluations.":[266],"approach":[268],"ensures":[269],"consistency":[270],"assessing":[274],"efficacy.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-05-14T00:00:00"}