{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410301366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","title":"First-Generation and Low-Income Students in the National Medical Student Body","display_name":"First-Generation and Low-Income Students in the National Medical Student Body","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410301366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354052","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12070234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2833844/kamran_2025_oi_250353_1746462711.26324.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2833844/kamran_2025_oi_250353_1746462711.26324.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015363712","display_name":"Sophia C. Kamran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-6515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-6515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sophia C. Kamran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024355911","display_name":"Isabella Rose Pompa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-1653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-1653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella R. Pompa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034076350","display_name":"Hillary Brenda Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-6467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-6467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hillary Brenda Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103359270","display_name":"Jaeyoon Cha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeyoon Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061616421","display_name":"Kevin E. Salinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-8672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-8672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799739429","display_name":"John Peter Smith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01cx85066","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151","https://openalex.org/I2799739429","https://openalex.org/I2802662748"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin E. Salinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transitional Year Program, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transitional Year Program, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799739429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028403057","display_name":"Andrzej Niemierko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-5500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-5500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Niemierko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039722276","display_name":"Neha Vapiwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-8532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-8532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810409","display_name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/02917wp91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I4210143392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Vapiwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810409","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015363712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":11.0023,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98648309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"e259769","last_page":"e259769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.06650000065565109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-in-medicine","display_name":"underrepresented in medicine","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-income","display_name":"parental income","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-debt","display_name":"student debt","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-disparities","display_name":"health care disparities","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-workforce-diversity","display_name":"medical workforce diversity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectionality","display_name":"intersectionality","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.6702651977539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6631180047988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.5382705926895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5035342574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4977703392505646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.4667174220085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020641676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065556","display_name":"Pacific islanders","level":3,"score":0.4554571211338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43389785289764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992829110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3921615","display_name":"First generation","level":3,"score":0.42347317934036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.41560235619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41361337900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3867134749889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.37734103202819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3562106490135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.20667052268981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18570074439048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12557506561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013337","descriptor_name":"Students, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2833844/kamran_2025_oi_250353_1746462711.26324.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12070234","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12070234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Netw Open","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40354052","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA network open","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769","pdf_url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2833844/kamran_2025_oi_250353_1746462711.26324.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217848","display_name":"JAMA Network Open","issn_l":"2574-3805","issn":["2574-3805"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Network Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410301366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410301366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914936481","https://openalex.org/W3157247092","https://openalex.org/W3157371762","https://openalex.org/W3158933285","https://openalex.org/W4200148119","https://openalex.org/W4200453739","https://openalex.org/W4220759612","https://openalex.org/W4223910039","https://openalex.org/W4288514966","https://openalex.org/W4376133716","https://openalex.org/W4386169067","https://openalex.org/W4387956393","https://openalex.org/W4392565125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980954529","https://openalex.org/W4386169067","https://openalex.org/W7204166629","https://openalex.org/W3209930866","https://openalex.org/W4220759612","https://openalex.org/W4285023226","https://openalex.org/W4386700969","https://openalex.org/W7163045392","https://openalex.org/W7169533691","https://openalex.org/W4389686320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Importance:":[0],"Diverse":[1],"representation":[2,288],"within":[3],"the":[4,70,172,184,253,261,285,296,319,372,393,413,418,423],"US":[5,27,65,173,364],"medical":[6,28,66,111,207,272,365,388],"student":[7,112,145,164,247,366],"body":[8],"and":[9,34,43,46,52,57,94,108,147,152,157,178,180,188,204,212,259,280,305,358,397,407,420],"physician":[10,414],"workforce":[11,415],"is":[12],"an":[13],"important":[14],"step":[15],"to":[16,197,241,330,405],"help":[17],"address":[18],"known":[19],"pervasive":[20],"health":[21],"care":[22],"disparities.":[23],"Objective:":[24],"To":[25],"evaluate":[26,198],"school":[29,67],"first-year":[30],"matriculants":[31,68,367,375],"between":[32],"2002":[33,80,211,240],"2015":[35],"through":[36,81,103],"a":[37,90,214,369,403],"disaggregated":[38],"lens,":[39],"parsing":[40],"out":[41],"low-income":[42,95,158,336,396],"first-generation":[44,93,110,156,202,234,290,313,351],"students":[45,159,219,235,273,291,314,326,380],"understanding":[47],"their":[48],"intersectionality":[49,394],"with":[50,89,169,250,295,395],"racial":[51],"ethnic":[53],"groups.":[54],"Design,":[55],"Setting,":[56],"Participants:":[58],"Using":[59],"deidentified":[60],"student-level":[61],"data":[62,88],"of":[63,72,155,171,216,233,252,264,289,312,322,363,374,385,422],"allopathic":[64],"from":[69,79,100,206,237,387],"Association":[71],"American":[73,125,140],"Medical":[74,163,325],"Colleges":[75],"Matriculating":[76],"Student":[77],"Questionnaire":[78],"2015,":[82,213,260],"this":[83,223],"cross-sectional":[84,361],"study":[85,362],"obtained":[86],"demographic":[87],"focus":[91],"on":[92],"status.":[96,149],"Data":[97],"were":[98,160,220,268,327,335,377,381],"analyzed":[99],"January":[101],"2022":[102],"July":[104],"2024.":[105],"Exposures:":[106],"Race":[107],"ethnicity,":[109],"status,":[113,203],"underrepresented":[114],"in":[115,222,239,243,275,278,282,300,303,307,371],"medicine":[116],"(URIM)":[117],"status":[118,182],"(ie,":[119],"identifying":[120],"as":[121],"Hispanic":[122],"only,":[123,136],"non-Hispanic":[124,138],"Indian":[126],"or":[127,130,133,137,350],"Alaska":[128],"Native":[129,131],"Hawaiian":[132],"Pacific":[134],"Islander":[135],"Black/African":[139],"only),":[141],"parental":[142,165,200,248,286],"income,":[143,201],"total":[144,215],"debt,":[146],"graduation":[148,310,320],"Main":[150],"Outcomes":[151],"Measures:":[153],"Trends":[154],"evaluated":[161],"longitudinally.":[162],"income":[166,249,267,287],"was":[167,195,292,315],"compared":[168],"that":[170,251,412],"general":[174,254,297],"population":[175,255,298],"by":[176,266],"race":[177],"ethnicity":[179],"generation":[181],"for":[183,256],"years":[185],"2002,":[186,257,276,301],"2008,":[187,258,279,304],"2015.":[189,244],"A":[190],"multivariable":[191],"logistic":[192],"regression":[193],"model":[194],"performed":[196],"URIM,":[199],"attrition":[205,386],"school.":[208],"Results:":[209],"Between":[210],"256":[217],"513":[218],"included":[221],"analysis":[224],"(48.0%":[225],"women;":[226],"14.7%":[227],"URIM;":[228],"7.4%":[229],"first-generation).":[230],"The":[231,309],"proportion":[232],"decreased":[236],"8.7%":[238],"7.1%":[242],"When":[245],"comparing":[246],"top":[262],"5%":[263],"households":[265],"overrepresented":[269],"among":[270],"non-first-generation":[271,323],"(21.1%":[274],"31.5%":[277],"26.4%":[281],"2015),":[283],"while":[284],"more":[293,328],"aligned":[294],"(1.4%":[299],"2.8%":[302],"0.8%":[306],"2015).":[308],"rate":[311,321],"2.1%":[316],"lower":[317],"than":[318],"students.":[324],"likely":[329],"not":[331],"graduate":[332],"if":[333],"they":[334],"(odds":[337],"ratio":[338],"[OR],":[339],"1.71":[340],"[95%":[341,347,354],"CI,":[342,348,355],"1.60-1.84]),":[343],"URIM":[344,398],"(OR,":[345,352],"2.07":[346],"1.98-2.17]),":[349],"1.56":[353],"1.47-1.67]).":[356],"Conclusions":[357],"Relevance:":[359],"This":[360],"found":[368],"decrease":[370],"number":[373],"who":[376],"first-generation.":[378],"These":[379,400],"at":[382],"significant":[383],"risk":[384],"school,":[389],"particularly":[390],"when":[391],"considering":[392],"identities.":[399],"results":[401],"suggest":[402],"need":[404],"recruit":[406],"retain":[408],"these":[409],"students,":[410],"so":[411],"better":[416],"reflects":[417],"backgrounds":[419],"experiences":[421],"communities":[424],"served.":[425]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-05-13T00:00:00"}